An inactivated West Nile virus vaccine for domestic geese-efficacy study and a summary of 4 years of field application

Samina, Itzchak; Khinich, Yevgeny; Simanov, Michael; Malkinson, M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.052

Cited by 40 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An analogously high titer of WNVspecific IgG was achieved after immunization and boost with the same formalin-inactivated virus preparation in baboons [55]. A comparable prime-boost strategy with formalininactivated WNV also protected the majority of domestic geese from IC challenge [13,14] and induced neutralizing antibodies in horses [17]. Another caveat of our studies is that lower doses of the formalin-inactivated vaccine induced a less robust antibody response with decreased protection from IC challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Although attenuated and inactivated viral vaccines currently protect horses and birds against WNV infection, no vaccine is approved for human use. Formalin-treated WNV protects geese, hamsters, and horses from lethal experimental WNV challenge [13][14][15][16][17][18], and horses in field trials [16,19,20]. Although inactivated vaccines may be useful for immunocompromised individuals, repeated dosing may be required to induce durable protection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Shrestha

Chu

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito borne, neurotropic flavivirus that causes a severe central nervous system (CNS) infection in humans and animals. Although commercial vaccines are available for horses, none is currently approved for human use. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and mechanism of immune protection of two candidate WNV vaccines in mice. A formalin-inactivated WNV vaccine induced higher levels of specific and neutralizing antibodies compared to a DNA plasmid vaccine that produces virus-like particles. Accordingly, partial and almost complete protection against a highly stringent lethal intracranial WNV challenge were observed in mice 60 days after single dose immunization with the DNA plasmid and inactivated virus vaccines, respectively. In mice immunized with a single dose of DNA plasmid or inactivated vaccine, antigenspecific CD8 + T cells were induced and contributed to protective immunity as acquired or genetic deficiencies of CD8 + T cells lowered the survival rates. In contrast, in boosted animals, WNVspecific antibody titers were higher, survival rates after challenge were greater, and an absence of CD8 + T cells did not appreciably affect mortality. Overall, our experiments suggest that in mice, both inactivated WNV and DNA plasmid vaccines are protective after two doses, and the specific contribution of antibody and CD8 + T cells to vaccine immunity against WNV is modulated by the prime-boost strategy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Shrestha

Chu

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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show abstract

“…With no specific treatment against WNV infection, precedence is given to developing an effective vaccine against it. A number of WNV vaccine candidates had been evaluated in animal models and approved for usage on horses (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). These include an inactivated WNV horse vaccine and a recombinant vaccine using the canarypox virus to express WNV Ags (18,19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domain III Protein Induced Specific Immune Response and Protection against West Nile Virus Infection

Chu

Chiang

2007

The Journal of Immunology

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The domain III of the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope glycoprotein (E) was shown to serve as virus attachment domain to the cellular receptor, and neutralizing Abs have been mapped to this specific domain. In this study, domain III of the WNV E protein (WNV E DIII) was expressed as a recombinant protein and its potential as a subunit vaccine candidate was evaluated in BALB/C mice. Immunization of WNV E DIII protein with oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-DNA) adjuvant by i.p. injection was conducted over a period of 3 wk. The immunized mice generated high titer of WNV-neutralizing Abs. Murine Ab against WNV E DIII protein was also capable of neutralizing Japanese encephalitis virus. The IgG isotypes generated were predominantly IgG2a in the murine sera against the recombinant protein. Splenocyte cultures from the mice coadministrated with WNV E DIII protein and CpG secreted large amounts of IFN-γ and IL-2 and showed proliferation of T cells in the presence of WNV E DIII protein. Overall, this study highlighted that recombinant WNV E DIII protein delivered in combination with CpG adjuvant to mice generated a Th1 immune response type against WNV and can serve as a potential vaccine to prevent WNV infection.

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“…Some formaldehyde-inactivated vaccines work well and protect against disease on challenge. This accounts for inactivated Ross River virus (RRV) [7], West Nile virus [8], dengue-2 virus [9], equine herpes virus type 1 [10], papilloma virus [11], Hantaan virus [12], influenza virus [13], hepatitis A virus [14], tick-borne encephalitis virus [15,16] and Japanese encephalitis virus [17]. However, with some vaccines inactivated in this way, problems have been encountered.…”

Section: Formaldehydementioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Delrue

Verzele

Madder

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

166

150

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The aim of this review is to make researchers aware of the benefits of an efficient quality control system for prediction of a developed vaccine's efficacy. Two major goals should be addressed when inactivating a virus for vaccine purposes: first, the infectious virus should be inactivated completely in order to be safe, and second, the viral epitopes important for the induction of protective immunity should be conserved after inactivation in order to have an antigen of high quality. Therefore, some problems associated with the virus inactivation process, such as virus aggregate formation, protein crosslinking, protein denaturation and degradation should be addressed before testing an inactivated vaccine in vivo

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An inactivated West Nile virus vaccine for domestic geese-efficacy study and a summary of 4 years of field application

Cited by 40 publications

References 14 publications

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Immunization of Flavivirus West Nile Recombinant Envelope Domain III Protein Induced Specific Immune Response and Protection against West Nile Virus Infection

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

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