An Increase in the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Northern California, 1991–2000

Ferrara, Assiamira; Kahn, Henry S.; Quesenberry, Charles P.; Riley, Candice; Hedderson, Monique M.

doi:10.1097/01.aog.0000113623.18286.20

Cited by 388 publications

(330 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…International population studies have also shown trends of increases in the presence of diabetes in pregnancy. 2,7,8,11 These findings reinforce the theory that the increase in diabetes described in the population of Ribeirao Preto 14 may also be observed in the presence of DM in women resident in the city giving birth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Various studies report the growing trend of gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), 7,8,11 which is linked to higher risk of morbidity and maternal and perinatal mortality. 2,6,18,21 In the USA, the growing trend for the presence of GDM in hospital deliveries, in all age groups has been described for the period 1994-2004, with a marked increase in type 2 diabetes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diabetes nos partos hospitalares em sistemas de saúde público e privado

et al. 2013

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OBJETIVE:To analyze trends of diagnoses of diabetes mellitus in hospital deliveries. METHODS:Transversal study analyzing data on hospital deliveries for pregnant women living in Ribeirao Preto, SP, from 1998 to 2007. The data on diabetes mellitus in pregnancy were obtained from the Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto of the Universidade de São Paulo Hospital Data Processing Center. The data analyzed were: age group, type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean), length of hospitalization and type of care: public (SUS) or private (private and supplemented health care). RESULTS:There was a 3.9 fold increase in the proportion of deliveries with a record of diabetes in relation to the total number of births (p = 0.01). This increase was of 4.5 times in deliveries in the public health care system (p = 0.01) and 3 times in private care. An increase in the presence of diabetes was observed in all age groups, proportionally larger in lower age groups. The frequency of cesarean delivery in pregnancies which recorded diabetes fell from 64.5% in 1998/1999 to 39.8% in 2006/2007 in the public system; in the private system the frequency remained over 90%. CONCLUSIONS:The presence of diabetes mellitus in hospital deliveries increased throughout the two year periods, despite a fall in the overall number of deliveries and an increase in the number of women of childbearing age living in Ribeirao Preto. This trend means that not only diagnosis and treatment, but also pre-pregnancy interventions which may reverse it are called for.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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confidence: 99%

Diabetes nos partos hospitalares em sistemas de saúde público e privado

et al. 2013

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“…We searched the KP hospital discharge and billing claim databases to identify all singleton live births, and searched the KP laboratory database to obtain all plasma glucose values measured during screening glucose challenge tests (GCTs) and diagnostic 3-h OGTTs [13]. We restricted our cohort to women who delivered between 1 January 1996 and 31 June 1998, because the recommendations from the 4th International Workshop Conference on GDM [8] were published in August 1998.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy plasma glucose levels exceeding the American Diabetes Association thresholds, but below the National Diabetes Data Group thresholds for gestational diabetes mellitus, are related to the risk of neonatal macrosomia, hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia

et al. 2006

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Aims/hypothesis Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a risk factor for perinatal complications. In several countries, the criteria for the diagnosis of GDM have been in flux, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) thresholds recommended in 2000 being lower than those of the National Diabetes Data Group (NDDG) that have been in use since 1979. We sought to determine the extent to which infants of women meeting only the ADA criteria for GDM are at increased risk of neonatal complications. Materials and methods In a multiethnic cohort of 45,245 women who did not meet the NDDG criteria and were not treated for GDM, we conducted nested case-control studies of three complications of GDM that occurred in their infants: macrosomia (birthweight >4,500 g, n=494); hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose <2.2 mmo/l, n=488); and hyperbilirubinaemia (serum bilirubin ≥342 μmol/l (20 mg/dl), n=578). We compared prenatal glucose levels of the mothers of these infants and mothers of 884 control infants. Results Women with GDM by ADA criteria only (two or more glucose values exceeding the threshold) had an increased risk of having an infant with macrosomia (odds ratio OR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.55-7.43), hypoglycaemia (OR=2.61, 95% CI=0.99-6.92) or hyperbilirubinaemia (OR=2.22, 95% CI=0.98-5.04). Glucose levels 1 h after the 100-g glucose challenge that exceeded the ADA threshold were particularly strongly associated with each complication. Conclusions/interpretation These results lend support to the ADA recommendations and highlight the importance of the 1-h glucose measurement in a diagnostic test for GDM.

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“…GDM is a common pregnancy complication affecting 2-10% of the pregnancies in the United States (2). In general, Asian women compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the United States have a higher risk for GDM (3)(4)(5)(6). In urban China, the prevalence of GDM has increased from 2.4% in 1999 to 8.2% in 2012 (7) using the WHO's criteria (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepregnancy body mass index and weight change on postpartum diabetes risk among gestational diabetes women

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2014

Obesity

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of prepregnancy BMI and weight change from prepregnancy to postpartum on postpartum type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among women with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods: A retrospective cohort study in 1,263 GDM women at 1-5 years after delivery was performed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association of prepregnancy BMI and weight change with T2D and prediabetes risks. Results: The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios based on different levels of prepregnancy BMI (<23, 23-24.9, 25-29.9, and 30 kg/m 2 ) were 1.00, 1.77, 2.35, and 6.54 (P trend < 0.001) for incident T2D, and 1.00, 1.46, 1.87, and 1.79 (P trend < 0.001) for incident prediabetes, respectively. Compared with women with stable weight (63 kg), those with weight gain 7 kg had an 86% and a 32% increased risk of diabetes and prediabetes, and those with weight loss 3 kg had a 45% decreased risk of prediabetes. The positive associations of prepregnancy BMI with incident diabetes and prediabetes risk were persistent in women with different levels of weight change (<3 kg and 3 kg). Conclusion: Prepregnancy obesity and excessive weight gain from prepregnancy to postpartum increase postpartum diabetes and prediabetes risks among GDM women.

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An Increase in the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Northern California, 1991–2000

Abstract: II-2

Cited by 388 publications

References 23 publications

Diabetes nos partos hospitalares em sistemas de saúde público e privado

Diabetes nos partos hospitalares em sistemas de saúde público e privado

Pregnancy plasma glucose levels exceeding the American Diabetes Association thresholds, but below the National Diabetes Data Group thresholds for gestational diabetes mellitus, are related to the risk of neonatal macrosomia, hypoglycaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia

Prepregnancy body mass index and weight change on postpartum diabetes risk among gestational diabetes women

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