An Increased Dietary Supply of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Early Weaning in Rodents Prevents Excessive Fat Accumulation in Adulthood

Heijning, Bert J. M. van de; Oosting, Annemarie; Kegler, Diane; Beek, Eline M. van der

doi:10.3390/nu9060631

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The MCT diets used in this study were well tolerated by the DS mice and did not induce adverse effects. Whereas it was previously reported that MCT diets can influence body weight and fat mass, 30,31 we did not observe any differences from the control. This may be related to inclusion of proteins and carbohydrates to create a more balanced diet, along with the ability of the mice to adapt to the new metabolic conditions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of medium chain triglyceride diet in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome

et al. 2021

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ObjectiveDravet syndrome (DS) is a severe developmental and epileptic encephalopathy with early childhood onset. Patients with DS do not respond well to antiepileptic drugs and have only a few treatment options available. Here, we evaluated the effect of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) diet therapy in a mouse model of DS.MethodsScn1aR1407X/+ DS mice were given diets supplemented with MCTs with varying ratios of decanoic (C10) and octanoic (C8) acid or a control diet for 4 weeks. Video monitoring was performed to evaluate spontaneous convulsive seizure frequency. Susceptibility to hyperthermia‐induced seizures was also examined. Medium chain fatty acids, and mitochondrial and antioxidant markers were assessed in brain homogenate.ResultsDietary intervention with MCTs significantly prolonged survival and reduced convulsive seizure frequency during the critical period of highest seizure occurrence in the Scn1aR1407X/+ DS mice. Moreover, MCT diet therapy showed protective effects against hyperthermia‐induced seizures. We demonstrated that coadministration of C10/C8 was effective at reducing both seizures and mortality, whereas C10 alone only reduced mortality, suggesting that the ratio of C10 to C8 in the MCT is an important factor for efficacy. When C10 and C8 are supplemented at an 80:20 ratio in the diet, C10 accumulates in the brain in high enough concentrations to enhance brain energy metabolism by both stimulating mitochondrial enrichment and increasing its antioxidant status.SignificanceThe results from this study indicate that MCT diet therapy may provide therapeutic benefits in DS. Future clinical studies would elucidate whether these positive effects are mirrored in human patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of medium chain triglyceride diet in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome

et al. 2021

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“…In rats, high dietary intake of MCFA during pregnancy, prevented obesity in their offspring later in life (Dong et al, 2011). In a study of both rats and mice, increased early-in-life intake of MCFA protected against the negative effects of a high-energy diet in adulthood, such as fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity (Van de Heijning, Oosting, Kegler, & Van der Beek, 2017).…”

Section: Medium-chain Fatty Acids and Metabolic Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health

Hageman

Danielsen

Nieuwenhuizen

et al. 2019

International Dairy Journal

103

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Fat is an important component of human milk and infant formula (IF), delivering half of the energy a baby needs. Nowadays, mostly vegetable fats are used in IFs, however, the use of bovine milk fat in formulas is currently increasing. Bovine milk fat contains a different composition of fatty acids and lipid components than vegetable fats. We have compared the lipid profile of human and bovine milk to infant formulas with different fat sources. Furthermore, current knowledge of how infant digestion, absorption, metabolic responses, gut immunity, microbiota and/or cognition is affected by dietary fat is reviewed. The possible opportunities and drawbacks of the application of bovine milk fat in infant nutrition are described. Future perspectives for the development of IF containing bovine milk fat and future research directions are highlighted. IntroductionMilk is essential for babies. For a newborn child breast milk is the preferred nutrition (EU Directive 2006/141). However, when breastfeeding is not an option, infant formula (IF) is the best alternative. About four percent of human milk consists of fat, which delivers approximately 50% of the total energy to infants (Manson & Weaver, 1997). Therefore, this is a major component to focus on in the development of optimal IF. Currently, different fat sources are used for IF, of which most contain a mixture of vegetable fats.The most commonly used vegetable fats are coconut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, palm oil (palm olein, palm kernel oil), (high oleic) sunflower oil, high oleic safflower oil and low erucic acid

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“…Insulin sensitivity was assessed using GTT and ITT as previously described (21). Briefly, for the GTT assay, all rats were fasted overnight and administered glucose (2 g/kg) by intraperitoneal injection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of 17β‑estradiol on triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle cells is dependent on ESR1 and not ESR2

Liu

Chen

et al. 2019

Mol Med Report

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The present study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and the mechanisms underlying 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) effects on triglyceride synthesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle tissues and cells. Ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on 6-month-old female rats treated with or without E 2 . Subsequently, various serum biochemical markers were measured. Additionally, pathological alterations of the uterus, liver and skeletal muscle were analyzed, and the content of triglycerides (TG) in muscle was detected. Differentiated myotubes formed by C2C12 cells were treated with palmitic acid (PA) or pretreated with E 2 , estrogen receptor (ESR) 1 agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT) and ESR2 agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN). Subsequently, the mRNA or protein expression levels of ESR1/2, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα), CD36 molecule (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FASN), perilipin 2 (PLIN2), phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (p-ACACA), p-AKT serine/threonine kinase (p-AKT) and p-mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (p-MAPK8) were analyzed in skeletal muscle or in C2C12 cells by reverse transcription-semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. The present results suggested that treatment with E 2 inhibited OVX-induced body weight gain, TG accumulation and insulin resistance. The protein or mRNA expression levels of ESR1, CD36, PPARα, p-ACACA and p-AKT were decreased, whereas the protein or mRNA expression levels of ESR2, PLIN2, FASN and p-MAPK8 were increased in the OVX group. Of note, treatment with E 2 restored the expression levels of the aforementioned factors. In C2C12 cells, treatment with E 2 or PPT reversed the alterations induced by treatment with PA. In contrast, pretreatment with DPN did not influence the effect of PA. Collectively, E 2 was able to interact with ESR1, thus activating the CD36-PPARα pathway, decreasing the level of TG in the muscles and improving insulin resistance in skeletal muscles and C2C12 cells.

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An Increased Dietary Supply of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids during Early Weaning in Rodents Prevents Excessive Fat Accumulation in Adulthood

Cited by 19 publications

References 53 publications

Protective effects of medium chain triglyceride diet in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome

Protective effects of medium chain triglyceride diet in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome

Comparison of bovine milk fat and vegetable fat for infant formula: Implications for infant health

Inhibitory effect of 17β‑estradiol on triglyceride synthesis in skeletal muscle cells is dependent on ESR1 and not ESR2

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