An Incrementally Expandable Core House for Disaster Reconstruction: Two Cases in Yogyakarta, Indonesia after the Central Java Earthquake

Abstract

The process of post-disaster housing reconstruction is a major factor for survivors to be able to regain stability in their lives, which is the underlying goal of disaster recovery. Along with the implementation of reconstruction programs, the form and the design of the housing itself can have a significant impact on residents' lives. In the process that starts from emergency shelter immediately after a disaster though the phases of recovery and ultimately to permanent housing reconstruction, the housing used in the temporary or transitional phase can play an especially pivotal role. After the Central Java earthquake that struck the city of Yogyakarta, Indonesia and surrounding region in 2006, the housing reconstruction process incorporated an incrementally expandable core house. This study looks at the outcome of the core houses in 2 different villages south of Yogyakarta, the pottery village of Kasongan, and a rural village of Tlogo in Kebon Agung. Differences in timing and funding sources for the implementation of the core houses in these cases resulted in different outcomes, and different levels of success in terms of expansion. Through this study we can understand both the potential of the core house in post-disaster reconstruction, and also the importance of coordinated implementation for its success.

Cost Shares and Factor-Cost Ratios in Owner-Built Incremental Housing in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

“…The third form of incremental housing provision is direct involvement of the government or its subsidiary or NGOs in constructing a core house i.e. an outer frame with/without rooms (Abdel-Kader and Ettouney, 2010) as it was in Khartoum Sudan (Beattie, Mayer and Yildirim, 2010) or in earthquake stricken Yogakyarta in Indonesia (Maly, Kondo and Shiozaki, 2012). The fourth approach is slum upgrading schemes or regularisation schemes targeting existing housing improvements (van Winssen, 2014;Malpezzi and Sa-Aadu, 1996;Bisiaux, 2014;Gattoni, 2009).…”

Effect of Architectural Design Characteristics Affecting Design Simplicity on Affordability Improvement of Core Housing Schemes

“…A core house has been described by various studies: Abrams (1964); Napier (2002); Pandelaki and Shiozaki (2010); Goethert (2010); and Maly and Tamyo (2012) as a permanent structure professionally designed to be initially minimal in size and incomplete but habitable, with the potential to be upgraded incrementally, based on need and improvement of resources. The low-income disposition of households, the deficiencies of the full-provision house types in affordability, and the non-availability of mortgage financing in housing provision for them necessitated the originating of the core housing strategy (Greene & Rojas, 2008).…”

“…It implies that a core houses should be delivered at prices lower than the price of the least of the whole house types in order to justify it as an affordable alternative. A review of studies on affordability of core housing schemes: Pandelaki and Shiozaki (2010); Ibem (2011); Maly and Tamyo (2012); Ibem, Aduwo and Ayo-Vanghan (2015); Atamewan and Olagunju (2017), indicates their being affordable for the residents in majority of the cases. However, a good number of the residents were of the middle and high income groups (in Ibem, 2011;Ibem, Aduwo & Ayo-Vanghan, 2015).…”

“…However, a good number of the residents were of the middle and high income groups (in Ibem, 2011;Ibem, Aduwo & Ayo-Vanghan, 2015). Secondly, the houses were acquired mainly through mortgage loans (Pandelaki & Shiozaki, 2010;Ibem, 2011;Maly & Tamyo, 2012). In the situation where the houses were acquired without mortgages and the respondents were of low-income disposition such as the case in Atamewan and Olagunju (2017), majority of the respondents (85.1%) were found indicating that their houses are not affordable.…”

“…This could lead to the houses going for the higher income people who can afford them. Studies such as: Ike (1996), Napier (2002); Pandelaki & Shiozaki, 2010;Maly & Tamyo, 2012;Atamewan & Olagunju (2017) have identified architectural design characteristics affecting design simplicity as promoting affordability improvement of core houses. However, empirical knowledge on the relationship between them, which is crucial in the formulation of design strategies for improved low-cost urban housing delivery is lacking.…”