An independently evolved Dipteran silk with features common to Lepidopteran silks

Sutherland, Tara D.; Young, James Harvey; Sriskantha, Alagacone; Weisman, Sarah; Okada, Shoko; Haritos, Victoria S.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2007.05.016

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There is a strong preference for glycine, alanine, and serine codons to have thymine (T) and adenosine (A) located in the third nucleotide position. This same pattern has been observed in convergently evolved silks (Ayoub et al, 2007;Sutherland et al, 2007). Some causes suggested for codon usage bias include adaptation to tRNA frequencies within the cytoplasm (Rocha, 2004) and mutational bias of the organism towards particular transitions and transversions (Murray et al, 1989).…”

Section: Amino Acid Sequencesupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The spinning apparatuses of dance flies and embiids may be of similar developmental origin. For example, Sutherland et al (2007) note that both embiopterans and dance flies produce silk through class III dermal glands. Additionally, in both taxa, tarsal silk glands have been hypothesized to be evolutionarily derived from modified sensory organs (Merritt, 2007).…”

Section: Ejector Number Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impressive and diverse mechanical properties of arthropod silks have generated great interest in exploring their potential to inspire new types of high-performance biomimetic materials (Fedič et al, 2003;Chang et al, 2005;Blackledge and Hayashi, 2006b;Swanson et al, 2006;Sutherland et al, 2007). For example, some spider silks are tougher than steel or Kevlar, while others can extend over 200% (Gosline et al, 2002).…”

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of silk spun by the embiopteran, Antipaluria urichi

Collin

Garb

Edgerly

et al. 2009

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Section: Amino Acid Sequencesupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Ejector Number Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tensile Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of silk spun by the embiopteran, Antipaluria urichi

Collin

Garb

Edgerly

et al. 2009

Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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“…Firstly, Nature has evolved many thousands of silks, which between them sport many minor as well as major sequence differences2829 in addition to displaying key differences in processing (i.e. dehydration/denaturation) parameters303132.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Scanning Fluorimetry provides high throughput data on silk protein transitions.

Vollrath

Hawkins

Porter

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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Here we present a set of measurements using Differential Scanning Fluorimetry (DSF) as an inexpensive, high throughput screening method to investigate the folding of silk protein molecules as they abandon their first native melt conformation, dehydrate and denature into their final solid filament conformation. Our first data and analyses comparing silks from spiders, mulberry and wild silkworms as well as reconstituted ‘silk' fibroin show that DSF can provide valuable insights into details of silk denaturation processes that might be active during spinning. We conclude that this technique and technology offers a powerful and novel tool to analyse silk protein transitions in detail by allowing many changes to the silk solutions to be tested rapidly with microliter scale sample sizes. Such transition mechanisms will lead to important generic insights into the folding patterns not only of silks but also of other fibrous protein (bio)polymers.

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“…In insects thread-producing or spinning organs can be found on the apical podomeres of several taxa, like webspinners (Embioptera), dance flies (Diptera: Empididae), and some ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). In these insects the secretions serve to build tunnels as in Embioptera (Mukerji 1927;Büsse et al 2015) and potentially in some ants (Billen and Peeters 2020), or to wrap nuptial gifts, as in dance flies (Young and Merrit 2003;Sutherland et al 2007). Furthermore, thread-producing organs opening on apical podomeres are also known from some marine crustaceans, like the corophioid amphipod Crassicorophium bonellii (Kronenberger et al 2012) and the order Tanaidacea (Kakui and Hiruta 2014;Kaji et al 2016), in which the secreted threads (i.e.…”

Section: Function Of the Putative Tarsal Spinning Organmentioning

confidence: 99%

A tarsal spinning organ in glomeridesmid millipedes (Diplopoda: Pentazonia: Glomeridesmida)

Moritz‍¹,

Wesener‍²

2021

ASP

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The production of sticky threads from spinnerets is known from various myriapod groups including some representatives of the millipedes (Diplopoda). In Diplopoda the thread-producing glands are mostly seta-like and positioned terminally on the telson, and the secretion product is typically used to build molting chambers or egg sacs. So far, no such secretions or organs have been documented for the subgroup Pentazonia. Here we describe thread-producing glands from the species-poor Glomeridesmida. These putative spinning organs are single circular fields of small pores (spinning fields) positioned on the outer side of the tarsi of all walking legs of mature and juvenile individuals of both sexes. These pores are the openings of cuticular tubuli (conducting canals), which extend from the tarsus to an aggregation of cells, a putative gland, within the femur. In several specimens thin threads were observed to be extruded from the pores. The tarsal spinning fields are present in all 21 investigated Glomeridesmida morphospecies, including Termitodesmidae and Glomeridesmidae from South East Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Oceania, and South and Central America. These organs might constitute an apomorphic character of the Glomeridesmida, as similar organs are absent in other Myriapoda. The function of the extruded threads in Glomeridesmida remains speculative, because observations of living specimens of the group are almost non-existing. We suggest that the secretion might be used for defense, to build molting chambers or to secure tunnels burrowed in the substrate.

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An independently evolved Dipteran silk with features common to Lepidopteran silks

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of silk spun by the embiopteran, Antipaluria urichi

Characterization of silk spun by the embiopteran, Antipaluria urichi

Differential Scanning Fluorimetry provides high throughput data on silk protein transitions.

A tarsal spinning organ in glomeridesmid millipedes (Diplopoda: Pentazonia: Glomeridesmida)

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