An index of premorbid intelligence.

Wilson, Robert S.; Rosenbaum, Gerald; Brown, Gregory; Rourke, Daniel; Whitman, Douglas; Grisell, James L.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.46.6.1554

Cited by 154 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A non-experimental design can never exclude all alternative explanations, but one can try to exclude several by analyzing further data on the early-onset, lateonset, and control groups. The three groups were indistinguishable with respect to sociodemographic data and estimated premorbid intelligence (Wilson et al 1978). They did not differ in the personality dimensions in psychometric testing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

et al. 1999

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Rationale and objective:The present study tested the hypothesis that chronic interference by cannabis with endogenous cannabinoid systems during peripubertal development causes specific and persistent brain alterations in humans. As an index of cannabinoid action, visual scanning, along with other attentional functions, was chosen. Visual scanning undergoes a major maturation process around age 12-15 years and, in addition, the visual system is known to react specifically and sensitively to cannabinoids. Methods: From 250 individuals consuming cannabis regularly, 99 healthy pure cannabis users were selected. They were free of any other past or present drug abuse, or history of neuropsychiatric disease. After an interview, physical examination, analysis of routine laboratory parameters, plasma / urine analyses for drugs, and MMPI testing, users and respective controls were subjected to a computer-assisted attention test battery comprising visual scanning, alertness, divided attention, flexibility, and working memory. Results: Of the potential predictors of test performance within the user group, including present age, age of onset of cannabis use, degree of acute intoxication (THC+THCOH plasma levels), and cumulative toxicity (estimated total life dose), an early age of onset turned out to be the only predictor, predicting impaired reaction times exclusively in visual scanning. Early-onset users (onset before age 16; n = 48) showed a significant impairment in reaction times in this function, whereas late-onset users (onset after age 16; n = 51) did not differ from controls (n = 49). Conclusions: These data suggest that beginning cannabis use during early adolescence may lead to enduring effects on specific attentional functions in adulthood. Apparently, vulnerable periods during brain development exist that are subject to persistent alterations by interfering exogenous cannabinoids.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Both groups consisted predominantly of students, thus forming a fairly homogeneous sample concerning sociodemographic status and intelligence. The groups did not differ with respect to the estimated premorbid intelligence level (Wilson et al 1978). All subjects were within 15 % of their ideal body weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

et al. 1999

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“…The patient's premorbid IQ is estimated to have been in the average to high average range [33]. Test results demonstrated normal immediate verbal memory.…”

Section: Patient Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bPredicted from demographic factors [33]. ' Overall, the patient appeared to be moderately demented with diffuse cortical dysfunction.…”

Section: Patient Reportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical history, brain metabolism, and neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease

Cutler

Haxby

Duara

et al. 1985

Annals of Neurology

141

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Data concerning 7 patients with a diagnosis of presumptive Alzheimer's disease (mean age, 65.6 years) are presented in detail in relation to the patients' regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose. Rates were measured by positron emission tomography with fluorine 18-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose under conditions of reduced visual and auditory stimulation. A relationship was found between severity of dementia and brain metabolism. In patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, memory and intellectual deficits were evident without major reductions in absolute metabolic rates, while ratios of regional to whole brain metabolism revealed reductions in regions of the parietal lobes. In the late, severe form of the disease, brain metabolic rates were consistently and significantly reduced. The findings suggest that memory and intellectual deficits are reflected in reductions of brain metabolism in some brain regions in mild to moderate forms of Alzheimer's disease and that, in the late, severe form of the disease, reductions occur consistently throughout the brain.

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“…Note. * IQ was estimated using a demographic equation developed by Wilson et al (1978Wilson et al ( ,1979. Exam (MMSE) (Folstein et al, 1975).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Category and Attribute Knowledge Deterioration in Alzheimer's Disease

1996

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An index of premorbid intelligence.

Cited by 154 publications

References 6 publications

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

Specific attentional dysfunction in adults following early start of cannabis use

Clinical history, brain metabolism, and neuropsychological function in Alzheimer's disease

Category and Attribute Knowledge Deterioration in Alzheimer's Disease

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