An indigenous malaria transmission in the outskirts of Addis Ababa, Akaki Town and its environs

Woyessa, Adugna; Gebre-Michael, Teshome; Ali, Ahmed

doi:10.4314/ejhd.v18i1.9858

Cited by 36 publications

(60 citation statements)

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“…In addition, 0.5% of mixed malarial infection of both P. falciparum and P. vivax were also identified. A similar result was reported in a previous study [26]. It is estimated that there are 300-500 million clinical cases of malaria each year worldwide; infection with P. vivax accounts for about 25% of these cases and infection with P. falciparum primarily accounts for the rest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similarly few earlier studies also reported regarding high incidence of vivax malaria in Ethiopia, Yewhalaw et al [25] reported that the predominant species was P. vivax followed by P. falciparum. Similarly, in central Ethiopia, Woyessa et al [26] reported the predominance of P. falciparum during October while P. vivax tends to dominate during November.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Prevalence of malaria from peripheral blood smears examination: A 1-year retrospective study from the Serbo Health Center, Kersa Woreda, Ethiopia

Karunamoorthi

Bekele

2009

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. Over the past years, the disease has been consistently reported as the first leading cause of outpatient visits, hospitalization and death in health facilities across the country. Thus, a retrospective study was conducted to determine the prevalence of malaria from peripheral blood smear examination from the Serbo Health Center of Ethiopia. The case notes of all malaria cases treated between July 2007 and June 2008 were carefully reviewed and analyzed. Of the total 6863 smears, 3009 were found to be positive and contribute 43.8% of diagnostic yield. Plasmodium falciparum constituted the most predominant [64.6% (1946/3009 cases)], while Plasmodium vivax confirmed with 34.9% (1052/3009) cases. Among patients who underwent diagnostic testing and treatment for malaria, males [63.8% (1918/3009 cases)] were more prone to have a positive malaria smear than females [36.2% (1091/3009 cases)]. Chi-square statistical analysis shown that there was a statistically significant association found between male cases and number of positive blood smear (chi(2)=28.1; df=7; p-value=0.001). The present study results clearly suggest that the catchment area of Serbo Health Center is prone for epidemic malaria and the situation is quite deteriorating. At the moment, although we are not equipped with magic bullet for malaria effective low-cost strategies are available for its treatment, prevention, and control. Therefore, creating awareness by active health education campaigns and applying integrated malaria control strategy could bring the constructive outcome in the near future.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of malaria from peripheral blood smears examination: A 1-year retrospective study from the Serbo Health Center, Kersa Woreda, Ethiopia

Karunamoorthi

Bekele

2009

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…christyi in Western Kenya highlands [19]. Anopheles cinereus was the second most common species in Layignaw-Arguba and Onota as it was previously documented in the highlands [3, 13]. So far these two species were not incriminated as malaria vectors in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Variation in species composition and infection rates of Anopheles mosquitoes at different altitudinal transects, and the risk of malaria in the highland of Dirashe Woreda, south Ethiopia

2017

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BackgroundThe transmission of malaria is heterogeneous, and varies due to altitude. The information on whether the transmission of malaria is indigenous or imported to highland areas is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the species composition and infection rates of Anopheles at different altitudinal transects, and the risk of malaria if any in the highland of Dirashe Woreda, South Ethiopia.MethodsThis study was conducted in Gato (low altitude; average elevation of 1273 m), Onota (mid-altitude; average elevation of 1707 m) and Layignaw-Arguba (high altitude; average elevation of 2337 m) from August 2015 to April 2016. Anopheles mosquitoes were sampled using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) light traps from thirty houses (ten houses from each village). The circum-sporozoite proteins (CSPs) rate and entomological inoculation rate (EIR) of Anopheles mosquitoes were estimated. For the epidemiological survey, malaria cases were collected from laboratory registration books of selected health facilities from (August 2015-April 2016). A cross-sectional survey was done to collect data on malaria vector control activities in each village (August-September 2015).ResultsOne thousand two hundred sixty-eight Anopheles mosquitoes comprising Anopheles arabiensis, An. demeilloni, An. cinereus, An. pharoensis, An. funestus-group, An. pretoriensis, An. christyi, An. ardensis and An. tenebrosus were identified in the study area. Anopheles arabiensis was the dominant species in Gato, whereas An. demeilloni was the dominant species in Layignaw-Arguba. Five mosquitoes, three An. arabiensis from Gato and two An. demeilloni from Layignaw-Arguba, were positive for Plasmodium falciparum CSPs. Plasmodium falciparum CSP rate was 0.4% (95% CI: 0.08–1.15) for An. arabiensis in Gato, and it was 0.64% (95% CI: 0.08–2.3) for An. demeilloni from Layignaw-Arguba. The P. falciparum EIR of An. arabiensis was 8.6 (95% CI: 2.4–33.4) infectious bites/person/nine-months in Gato. Plasmodium falciparum parasite was dominant in Gato (88%) and Onota (57.5%), whereas in Layignaw-Arguba P. vivax (59.4%) occurred most frequently. Increased malaria cases were observed in children age 5–14 years in Gato (P < 0.05), whereas in Onota and Layignaw-Arguba there was no statistically significant difference in malaria cases among the age groups. Households owning at least one long lasting insecticidal net were 92.7% in the study area, and 77.6% slept under the net during the preceding night of the survey. About 64.4% of the households in Gato were protected by the indoor residual spray. However, the spraying was done when the density of local malaria vectors was low.ConclusionIncrimination of Plasmodium CSP positive Anopheles species and the presence of malaria in children under five years in high altitude Layignaw-Arguba may justify the existence of indigenous malaria transmission and the need for effective malaria control. Further investigation and confirmation using more sensitive molecular techniques are however needed to consider An. dem...

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“…In Ethiopia, the epidemiological pattern of malaria transmission is quite seasonal and largely unstable. Previously malaria was known to occur, in areas below 2000 m, whereas now it has been documented to occur even in areas above 2400 m, such as Addis Ababa, Akaki, etc (18). In addition, malaria is generally epidemic, due to a short peak of transmission, in the months between September and December followed by summer rains with relatively low transmission levels during the dry season (January-May).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Malaria Indices in an Ethiopian Health Centre: A Five Year Retrospective Analysis

Karunamoorthi

Bekele²

2012

Health Scope

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The present communication discusses the five year retrospective analysis about the changes in malaria indices in a typical Ethiopian health center. Reading this article recommended to active health education campaigns and the administration of front-line vector control interventions to interrupt disease transmission and an eventual reduction in the number of malaria cases.Africa is often regarded as poor, uneducated, or unaware of the risks, with an inadequate social infrastructure, all of which makes them more prone to malaria (2). Despite currently available interventions, malaria remains a major public health problem worldwide. It has been reported that approximately half of the world's population is at risk of malaria with nearly one million deaths every BackgroundInsect-borne disease imposesan enormous burden on the world's population in terms of loss of life (millions of death per year) and morbidity. These diseases are also responsible for huge economic losses, both in terms of health-care costs and lost productivity, mostly in countries that can least afford them (1). The rural population in Background: Malaria affects the health and wealth of individuals, as well as nations. In Ethiopia, malaria is identified as both a disease of poverty and a cause of poverty. Objectives: A retrospective analysis was conducted to investigate the changes in malaria indices at the Serbo Health Center, Ethiopia. Materials and Methods: Based on existing blood smear examination data. The original case records were carefully reviewed, analyzed and interpreted. Results: Among the total of 51610 blood smear examinations, 26602 were found to be positive and contributed to 51.5% of the diagnostic yield. All of the 51610 cases were treated at the Serbo Health Center. Males constituted a total of 56.1% participants in this study (14934/26602 cases) and they were found to be more prone to having a positive malaria smear. Chi-square analysis showed a statistically significant association between male patients and the incidence of malaria (P = 0.0001; χ 2 = 212.5; df = 4). Plasmodium falciparum contributes to about 62.4% of malaria cases followed by P vivax (37.3%). Conclusions: There is an urgent need for active health education campaigns and the administration of front-line vector control interventions such as the consistent deployment of insecticide-treated bed-nets and indoor residual spraying to interrupt disease transmission and an eventual reduction in the number of malaria cases.

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An indigenous malaria transmission in the outskirts of Addis Ababa, Akaki Town and its environs

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence of malaria from peripheral blood smears examination: A 1-year retrospective study from the Serbo Health Center, Kersa Woreda, Ethiopia

Prevalence of malaria from peripheral blood smears examination: A 1-year retrospective study from the Serbo Health Center, Kersa Woreda, Ethiopia

Variation in species composition and infection rates of Anopheles mosquitoes at different altitudinal transects, and the risk of malaria in the highland of Dirashe Woreda, south Ethiopia

Changes in Malaria Indices in an Ethiopian Health Centre: A Five Year Retrospective Analysis

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