An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of American Canine Hepatozoonosis

Mathew, John; Saliki, Jeremiah T.; Ewing, S. A.; Lehenbauer, Terry W.; Panciera, Roger J.; Malayer, Jerry R.; Cummings, Connie A.; Kocan, A. Alan

doi:10.1177/104063870101300104

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Πρόσφατα, αναπτύχθηκε και ορολογική δοκιμή (ELISA) για την ανίχνευση των αντισωμάτων κατά του Η. amerìcanum, με ευαισθησία και ειδικότητα, που είναι συ γκρίσιμες με εκείνες της βιοψίας μυών (Mathew et al 2001). …”

Section: εργαστηριακα ευρηματαunclassified

Canine hepatozoonosis: an update

Mylonakis

Petanides

Koutinas

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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Canine hepatozoonosis is caused by two different Hepatozoon species, responsible for distinct clinical syndromes. Hepatozoonosis beyond the United States is caused by Hepatozoon canis, transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus, whereas North American hepatozoonosis is caused by H. americanum, transmitted by Amblyomma maculatum. The former appears to be well adapted to its canine host, causing mostly subclinical or a mild clinical disease. Anorexia, depression, lethargy, fever, lymphadenopathy and body-weight loss are the most common clinical manifestations, which may be precipitated by concurrent infectious diseases or drug-induced immunosuppression. H. canis infection is mosdy diagnosed by the detection of intraneutrophilic gamonts in Giemsa-stained blood smears. Occasionally, a high level parasitemia may be observed (100% of circulating neutrophils), though moderate parasitemia (1-5%) is more common. Imidocarb dipropionate, with or without doxycycline, usually leads in rapid clinical remission and elimination of parasitemia, although relapses are not uncommon. In marked contrast, H. americanum, a recendy emerged pathogen, apparendy poorly adapted to dogs, is responsible for a severe chronic debilitating and often fatal disease. Fever, generalized pain, muscle atrophy and reluctance to move are prominent clinical symptoms attributable mainly to severe pyogranulomatous myositis and periosteal proliferative lesions. Since parasitemia is rarely found in H. americanum infection, a solid diagnosis should be based on muscle histopathology and/or serology. The combination of trimethoprime-sulphadiazine, clindamycin and pyrimethamine (induction phase), followed by long-term administration of the anticoccidial decoquinate (maintenance phase), achieves clinical remission and prolongs survival time, although relapses may frequently occur.

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Section: εργαστηριακα ευρηματαunclassified

Canine hepatozoonosis: an update

Mylonakis

Petanides

Koutinas

2017

J Hellenic Vet Med Soc

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“…Studies are in progress to validate further the value of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that was developed recently (44). It appears to be both sensitive and specific and could be used as an aid to determine the extent to which the range of ACH is expanding.…”

Section: Confirmation Of the Serologic Approach To Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This contamination necessitates the adsorption of any sera to be tested because tick exposure is so common among dogs in areas where ACH is endemic. Although other reagents would probably be satisfactory for adsorption, those used to date were from tick gut tissue collected from uninfected laboratory-reared A. maculatum (44 Dogs with ACH may experience intense pain and become reluctant to move. Therefore, efforts must be made to ensure that affected animals remain hydrated and that food is readily accessible.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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American Canine Hepatozoonosis

2003

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American canine hepatozoonosis (ACH) is a tick-borne disease that is spreading in the southeastern and south-central United States. Characterized by marked leukocytosis and periosteal bone proliferation, ACH is very debilitating and often fatal. Dogs acquire infection by ingesting nymphal or adult Gulf Coast ticks (Amblyomma maculatum) that, in a previous life stage, ingested the parasite in a blood meal taken from some vertebrate intermediate host. ACH is caused by the apicomplexan Hepatozoon americanum and has been differentiated from Old World canine hepatozoonosis caused by H. canis. Unlike H. canis, which is transmitted by the ubiquitous brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), H. americanum is essentially an accidental parasite of dogs, for which Gulf Coast ticks are not favored hosts. The geographic portrait of the disease parallels the known distribution of the Gulf Coast tick, which has expanded in recent years. Thus, the endemic cycle of H. americanum involves A. maculatum as definitive host and some vertebrate intermediate host(s) yet to be identified. Although coyotes (Canis latrans) are known to be infected, it is not known how important this host is in maintaining the endemic cycle. This review covers the biology of the parasite and of the tick that transmits it and contrasts ACH with classical canine hepatozoonosis. Clinical aspects of the disease are discussed, including diagnosis and treatment, and puzzling epidemiologic issues are examined. Brief consideration is given to the potential for ACH to be used as a model for study of angiogenesis and of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

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“…3 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is available for detection of antibodies reactive with gamont (H. canis) or sporozoite antigens (H. americanum) in sera; however, it is mainly utilized for epidemiological studies. 12,17 In more recent studies in the United States, diagnosis of H. canis has been based on positive PCR results in asymptomatic dogs or those suspected of having H. americanum. In a study published in 2008 of Hepatozoon species in the United States, 1 2 out of 200 randomly sampled asymptomatic shelter dogs in Payne County, Oklahoma were positive for H. canis.…”

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confidence: 99%

CutaneousHepatozoon canisinfection in a dog from New Jersey

Little

Baneth

2011

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. A 7-month-old mixed-breed intact female dog was presented to a private veterinarian with a 2 cm in diameter raised, pruritic, alopecic, subcutaneous, fluctuant swelling over the right eye. Cytology of the mass revealed many degenerate neutrophils, moderate numbers of eosinophils, moderate numbers of macrophages, rare mast cells, and few erythrocytes. Rare neutrophils contained a protozoal agent compatible with a Hepatozoon gamont. Real-time polymerase chain reaction of peripheral blood was positive for Hepatozoon canis. The complete sequence identity of the amplified 18S ribosomal RNA fragment from the dog's blood confirmed H. canis and proved it was relatively distant from the corresponding fragment sequence of Hepatozoon americanum. This case is important in documenting an unusual presentation of infection with H. canis outside of the southern United States.

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An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of American Canine Hepatozoonosis

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Canine hepatozoonosis: an update

Canine hepatozoonosis: an update

American Canine Hepatozoonosis

CutaneousHepatozoon canisinfection in a dog from New Jersey

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