An Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Based on Optical Camera Communications

Lin, Bangjiang; Ghassemlooy, Zabih; Lin, Chun-Ting; Tang, Xuan; Li, Yiwei; Zhang, Shihao

doi:10.1109/lpt.2017.2669079

Cited by 105 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, in the near future, this technology could provide a large contribution to the upcoming IoT paradigms and the requirements of massive user connectivity. Recently, numerous experimental works have been published [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] for OCC with their individual implementation goals. According to the application, every work meets a certain level of results which can satisfy the particular goals.…”

Section: Occ Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

et al. 2019

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Visible light and infrared bands of the optical spectrum used for optical camera communication (OCC) are becoming a promising technology nowadays. Researchers are proposing new OCC-based architectures and applications in both indoor and outdoor systems using the embedded cameras on smartphones, with a view to making them user-friendly. Smartphones have useful features for developing applications using the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cameras, which can receive data from optical transmitters. However, several challenges have arisen in increasing the capacity and communication range, owing to the limitations of current cameras and implementation complexities. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the OCC technology requirements and opportunities using smartphone cameras from an implementation point of view. Furthermore, we demonstrate an OCC system using a low frame rate smartphone camera to particularly analyze the requirements and critical implementation challenges. Also, some possible solutions are provided with a view to improving the overall system capacity, communication distance, and stability.

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Section: Occ Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

et al. 2019

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“…1.5 cm Medium Exp-Setup, S6801, TIA, LNA [34] 5 cm Medium [45] 5 cm Medium [46] 1.12 cm Low [8] 2.4 cm Medium Exp-Setup [47] 0.4 cm Medium Mobile phone [48] 5.9 cm Low [49] 5 cm Medium [50] 0.3-20 cm Medium [51] 0.08 cm Low [52] 30 mm Medium [13] 9 cm Low Si APD S5343, Exp-Setup [53] 90 cm Low [54] 6 cm Medium [55] 1.66 cm Low No information [14] 0.5-7.3 cm Medium Camera [17] 5 cm Low [56] 6 cm Medium [57] 0.0001 m 2 [58] 25.12 cm Image [28] 7 cm Medium [59] 10 cm High [29] 5 cm High 9 [39] 10 cm High [60] 30 cm Medium [30] 1.5 cm Medium [61] 10 cm High Smartphone [62] 14 cm High Exp-Setup, Mobile phone [63] m [64] 6.6 cm High Mobile camera [65] 9 steps High Camera, Mobile phones From Table 1, the simplest algorithm is the proximity method but this technique has the highest amount of errors. Methods to improve the accuracy of this system have been investigated but all solutions make the system much more complex.…”

Section: Rss [44]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Boundaries for LED-Based Indoor Positioning System

et al. 2019

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Overlap of footprints of light emitting diodes (LEDs) increases the positioning accuracy of wearable LED indoor positioning systems (IPS) but such an approach assumes that the footprint boundaries are defined. In this work, we develop a mathematical model for defining the footprint boundaries of an LED in terms of a threshold angle instead of the conventional half or full angle. To show the effect of the threshold angle, we compare how overlaps and receiver tilts affect the performance of an LED-based IPS when the optical boundary is defined at the threshold angle and at the full angle. Using experimental measurements, simulations, and theoretical analysis, the effect of the defined threshold angle is estimated. The results show that the positional time when using the newly defined threshold angle is 12 times shorter than the time when the full angle is used. When the effect of tilt is considered, the threshold angle time is 22 times shorter than the full angle positioning time. Regarding accuracy, it is shown in this work that a positioning error as low as 230 mm can be obtained. Consequently, while the IPS gives a very low positioning error, a defined threshold angle reduces delays in an overlap-based LED IPS.

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“…In [9], an IPS based on OCC using Undersampled Phase Shift Keying (UPSK) is experimentally evaluated. The approach followed in this work is the same as in the majority of related literature.…”

Section: Camera-based Vlpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the techniques proposed until present are based on radio frequency signals, generated specifically for that purpose [6], or reused from other systems such as WiFi network devices [7]. Nevertheless, there are also some techniques based on optical signals, which make use of the Solid State Illumination (SSL) devices present in LED lamps [8,9]. This alternative introduces a double purpose of lights in facilities: as light sources and as part of indoor location systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Ranging Technique Based on Optical Camera Communications and Time Difference of Arrival

Rabadán

Guerra

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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In this work, a new Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) scheme for distance measurement based on Optical Camera Communication (OCC) systems is proposed. It relies on the use of optical pulses instead of radio-frequency signals as the time reference triggers, and the introduction of a rolling shutter camera, whose characteristics allows substituting the timer modules used in conventional TDoA techniques by image processing of the illuminated area in the picture. This processing on the camera’s images provides time measurements and implies and specific analysis, which is presented in this work. The system performance and properties, such as resolution and range, mainly depends on the camera characteristics, such as the frames capture rate and the image quality. This new technique is suitable to be implemented in smartphones or other Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) devices equipped with a camera and speakers.

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An Indoor Visible Light Positioning System Based on Optical Camera Communications

Cited by 105 publications

References 12 publications

Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

Smartphone Camera-Based Optical Wireless Communication System: Requirements and Implementation Challenges

Optical Boundaries for LED-Based Indoor Positioning System

A Novel Ranging Technique Based on Optical Camera Communications and Time Difference of Arrival

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