An Induction Machine Emulator for High-Power Applications Utilizing Advanced Simulation Tools With Graphical User Interfaces

Vodyakho, O.; Steurer, M.; Edrington, Chris S.; Fleming, F.

doi:10.1109/tec.2011.2179302

Cited by 74 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, even small DC offset between the amplifier reference value may produce large DC current. In [19], an isolation transformer is used to cut the path of circulating DC current. However, in this work, the main goal was to find how accurately the grid-following converter impedance can be emulated, without the effect of transformers, cabling, etc.…”

Section: Emulating Converters Using a Laboratory Voltage Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting the control variable in Equation (12) and solving the admittance yields in Equation (19), where the matrices I o , V 2 and V 1 include the steady-state operating point of AC current and voltage on both sides of the inductor. The matrices are required for transforming the variables between the ideal grid reference frame and the control system reference frame, and are given in the Appendix A.…”

Section: Small-signal Admittance Model and Verification Of The Emulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The emulation of an induction machine is considered in [19] using a combination of real-time digital simulator and back-to-back converter. In [20], a three-phase inverter is used to emulate passive RLC loads, including the possibility to emulate asymmetrical loading conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using High-Bandwidth Voltage Amplifier to Emulate Grid-Following Inverter for AC Microgrid Dynamics Studies

et al. 2019

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AC microgrid is an attractive way to energize local loads due to remotely located renewable generation. The AC microgrid can conceptually comprise several grid-forming and grid-following power converters, renewable energy sources, energy storage and local loads. To study the microgrid dynamics, power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL)-based test setups are commonly used since they provide high flexibility and enable testing the performance of real converters. In a standard PHIL setup, different components of the AC microgrid exist as real commercial devices or electrical emulators or, alternatively, can be simulated using real-time simulators. For accurate, reliable and repeatable results, the PHIL-setup should be able to capture the dynamics of the microgrid loads and sources as accurately as possible. Several studies have shown how electrical machines, dynamic RLC loads, battery storages and photovoltaic and wind generators can be emulated in a PHIL setup. However, there are no studies discussing how a three-phase grid-following power converter with its internal control functions should be emulated, regardless of the fact that grid-following converters (e.g., photovoltaic and battery storage inverters) are the basic building blocks of AC microgrids. One could naturally use a real converter to represent such dynamic load. However, practical implementation of a real three-phase converter is much more challenging and requires special knowledge. To simplify the practical implementation of microgrid PHIL-studies, this paper demonstrates the use of a commercial high-bandwidth voltage amplifier as a dynamic three-phase power converter emulator. The dynamic performance of the PHIL setup is evaluated by identifying the small-signal impedance of the emulator with various control parameters and by time-domain step tests. The emulator is shown to yield the same impedance behavior as real three-phase converters. Thus, dynamic phenomena such as harmonic resonance in the AC microgrid can be studied in the presence of grid-following converters.

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Section: Emulating Converters Using a Laboratory Voltage Amplifiermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Small-signal Admittance Model and Verification Of The Emulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using High-Bandwidth Voltage Amplifier to Emulate Grid-Following Inverter for AC Microgrid Dynamics Studies

et al. 2019

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“…Controllable AC voltage sources (CVSs) are in recent years emerging in the area of power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulations to emulate mains connected loads / generators to analyze power grid dynamics and control strategies [1], [2], to emulate grid faults to test power electronic equipment [3]- [5], to emulate motor / generator characteristics to verify the correct operation of novel drive systems [6], [7], and to develop and conduct type tests on power electronic converters [8]- [11]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Multiloop Control Schemes for Controllable AC Sources With Two-Stage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Output Filters

Boillat

Krismer

Kolar

2016

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

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This work investigates the control system design and its small-signal properties for the output stage of a high bandwidth, four-quadrant three-phase switch-mode controllable AC voltage source (CVS) with an output power of 10 kW, a switching frequency of 48 kHz, and a two-stage LC output filter. Each output phase of the CVS is operated individually, i.e. the phase voltages are generated with reference to the DC inputvoltage midpoint, to allow maximum flexibility in the generation of the output-voltage waveforms to supply a wide range of different load types, such as DC, single-phase, and general threephase loads including constant-power loads leading to negative small-signal load-resistance values.Three suitable multi-loop control structures with inner currentand outer voltage-control loops are motivated, modeled, and are optimized with respect to different control performance indicators, e.g. small-signal control bandwidth, and for common boundary conditions, e.g. maximum overshoot of the output voltage in case of a reference voltage step. All structures employ conventional P and PI controllers, due to their simplicity and widespread use. Among the three structures, the capacitorcurrent feedback-control structure, which controls the two filter capacitor currents and the output voltage, is identified to be most competitive. The small-signal bandwidth determined for this structure is between 7.1 kHz and 15.5 kHz, depending on the value of the load resistance. This result, in combination with an excellent matching of calculated and measured step responses of the output voltage of a 10 kW hardware prototype, point out the effectiveness of the selected control structure and the usability of control structures that are composed of conventional P and PI controllers. NOMENCLATURE f s Switching frequencyContinuous-time functions of voltages, currents, etc.Discrete-time functions with sampling period T 0 and k ∈ Z X = X(s) = L{x(t)} Laplace transform of the corresponding continuous-time function X(z) = Z{x k } z-transform of the corresponding discrete-time functioñ R load Equivalent small-signal load resistance

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“…Although execution time is still a matter of concern in such offline tools, it is not as critical as in a real-time digital simulator, which has to interact with external devices in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) scenario. The main application of real-time emulation of electrical machines is to evaluate the behavior of newly designed machines, drive systems, controllers, and protective devices in a HIL configuration in an effective and economic approach before applying them in a real system [1]- [6]. Such testing allows the system components to be subjected to extreme conditions in a nondestructive environment and in an expedited manner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A General Framework for FPGA-Based Real-Time Emulation of Electrical Machines for HIL Applications

Tavana

Dinavahi

2015

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

102

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Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) technology is increasingly becoming the preferred, reliable, and costeffective alternative in a virtual scenario for tedious, time-consuming, and expensive tests on real devices. This paper presents a digital hardware emulation of commonly used electrical machines for HIL simulation on the fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs) in a general framework. This paper provides a useful and comprehensive comparison between floating-and fixed-point arithmetic for hardware implementation, and addresses the differences of deeply pipelined and highly paralleled realization schemes, and the contribution of schematic and textual programming language methods for design configuration of electrical machine models. The hardware implementation by these approaches is evaluated in terms of real-time step size, accuracy, and hardware resource consumption. Finally, an experimentally measured electrical machine behavior is employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the emulated electrical machine. Index Terms-Electricalmachines, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation, real-time systems. NOMENCLATURE s, r, f, k Stator, rotor, field, and damper indexes. d, q Reference frame index. l, m Leakage and magnetizing indexes. V, I, λ Voltage, current, and flux linkages. T e , T mech Electromagnetic torque and mechanical torque. T damp Damping torque. r, L Resistance and inductance. ω, θ Angular speed and rotor position. J, P Rotor inertia and the number of pole pairs. a, b, c Phase-domain indexes. A h×h , B h×p State matrix and input matrix. C q×h , D q×p Output matrix and feedforward matrix. His research interests include field-programmable-gate-array-based real-time emulation, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, design and modeling of electrical machines and drive systems, and finite-element analysis of electromagnetic devices. Venkata Dinavahi (SM'08) received the Ph.D. degree from the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, in 2000.He is currently a Professor of electrical and computer engineering with the University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. His research interests include real-time simulation of electrical machines, power electronics and power systems, large-scale system simulation, and parallel and distributed computing.

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An Induction Machine Emulator for High-Power Applications Utilizing Advanced Simulation Tools With Graphical User Interfaces

Cited by 74 publications

References 27 publications

Using High-Bandwidth Voltage Amplifier to Emulate Grid-Following Inverter for AC Microgrid Dynamics Studies

Using High-Bandwidth Voltage Amplifier to Emulate Grid-Following Inverter for AC Microgrid Dynamics Studies

Optimization and Comparative Evaluation of Multiloop Control Schemes for Controllable AC Sources With Two-Stage <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$</tex-math> </inline-formula> Output Filters

A General Framework for FPGA-Based Real-Time Emulation of Electrical Machines for HIL Applications

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