An information-based dynamic extrapolation model for networked virtual environments

Zhang, Xin; Ward, Tomás E.; McLoone, Séamus

doi:10.1145/2240136.2240140

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There is, however, no well-accepted model for a perceptually convincing method, even for visual-only applications (Zhang, Ward, & Mcloone, 2012). Murphy (2011), for example, argues that his proposed method-called projective velocity blending-leads to convincing visual object-state updates in networked games.…”

Section: Object-state Interpolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception-Based Traffic Control for Shared Haptic Virtual Environments

Schuwerk

Paggetti

Chaudhari

et al. 2014

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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Shared Haptic Virtual Environments (SHVEs) are often realized using a client-server communication architecture. In this case, a centralized physics engine, running on the server, is used to simulate the object-states in the virtual environment (VE). At the clients, a copy of the VE is maintained and used to render the interaction forces locally, which are then displayed to the human through a haptic device. While this architecture ensures stability in the coupling between the haptic device and the virtual environment, it necessitates a high number of object-state update packets transmitted from the server to the clients to achieve satisfactory force feedback quality. In this paper, we propose a perception-based traffic control scheme to reduce the number of object-state update packets, by allowing a variable but not perceivable object-state error at the client. To find a balance between packet rate reduction and force rendering fidelity, our approach uses different error thresholds for the visual and haptic modality, where the haptic thresholds are determined by psychophysical experiments in this paper. Force feedback quality is evaluated with subjective tests for a variety of different traffic control parameter settings. The results show that the proposed scheme reduces the packet rate by up to 97%, compared to communication approaches that work without data reduction. At the same time, the proposed scheme does not degrade the haptic feedback quality significantly. Finally, it outperforms well-known dead reckoning, commonly used in visual-only distributed applications.

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Section: Object-state Interpolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception-Based Traffic Control for Shared Haptic Virtual Environments

Schuwerk

Paggetti

Chaudhari

et al. 2014

Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments

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“…Approaches based on first-order [8] or higher-order polynomials [9] are used in the literature for VEs without haptic feedback. There is, however, no well-accepted model for a perceptually convincing method, even for visual-only applications [10]. By smoothly correcting state inconsistencies in DHVEs, higher error thresholds can be chosen, leading to a higher packet rate reduction, while satisfactory force feedback quality is still maintained.…”

Section: Traffic Control In Shared Haptic Vesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such jumps can be avoided by using appropriate interpolation methods to smoothly converge from the old to the new state. Different methods, based on linear interpolation or higher-order polynomials [8], [9], [10], have been proposed for distributed applications without haptic feedback. For DHVEs, there is a lack of knowledge about which methods should be applied to achieve perceptually convincing force feedback.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smooth object state updates in distributed haptic virtual environments

Schuwerk

Steinbach

2013

2013 IEEE International Symposium on Haptic Audio Visual Environments and Games (HAVE)

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Abstract-In a multi-user distributed haptic virtual environment (DHVE), object state update messages are necessary to maintain a consistent virtual environment at every entity involved. Traffic control schemes applied to reduce the usually high number of update packets lead to inconsistencies among the participants. Whenever a new state update is received, the discrepancy between the old and new object state has to be resolved. For this purpose, various interpolation methods can be used to smoothly correct the state error. In this paper, we investigate and compare three such methods using subjective experiments to determine a haptically preferred method that leads to a convincing force feedback. Besides basic linear interpolation, we test two other methods from literature which are based on cubic polynomials. Our experimental evaluation, based on a pursuit-tracking task and pairwise comparisons, shows that linear interpolation performs better than the two cubic approaches and is subjectively preferred.

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An information-based dynamic extrapolation model for networked virtual environments

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Perception-Based Traffic Control for Shared Haptic Virtual Environments

Perception-Based Traffic Control for Shared Haptic Virtual Environments

Smooth object state updates in distributed haptic virtual environments

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