An Information Processing Model for Schizophrenia

Callaway, Enoch

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290030069012

Cited by 253 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…These results suggest the role of a limited-capacity, single-channel attentional resource in semantic priming effects, as emphasized by Henik et al The larger impact of intramodal (versus cross-modal) distractors is noted as inconsistent with Callaway and Naghdi's (1982) hypothesis of a general modality alternation effect in information processing. Callaway and Naghdi (1982) have hypothesized that schizophrenic participants may be more easily distracted when the signal to be ignored is presented in a sensory mode differing from the signal to be attended to. In addition, the observation of this secondary task 0distractor effect, even at a short SOA (100 ms) suggests to Henik et al that perhaps even spreading activation may require mental resources.…”

Section: Evidence For Impaired Controlled/ Attentional Information Prmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…This model has played a major role in the study of semantic priming, as per the preceding section (see Callaway & Naghdi, 1982;Carr et al, 1979;Dawson & Nuechterlein, 1984;Schiffrin & Schneider, 1984;Schneider & Schiffrin, 1977 for general discussions of automatic versus controlled cognitive processes). We will employ this model in examining the results of semantic priming studies published to date.…”

Section: Semantic Priming Effects In Schizophrenia In the Context Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Minzenberg

Ober

Vinogradov

2002

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

132

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In this paper, we present a review of semantic priming experiments in schizophrenia. Semantic priming paradigms show utility in assessing the role of deficits in semantic memory network access in the pathology of schizophrenia. The studies are placed in the context of current models of information processing. In this review we include all English-language reports (from peer-reviewed journals) of single-word semantic priming studies involving participants with schizophrenia. The studies to date show schizophrenic patients to exhibit variable semantic priming effects under automatic processing conditions, and consistent impairments under controlled0attentional conditions. We also describe associations with other neurocognitive dysfunction, neurochemical and electrophysiological disturbances, and clinical manifestations (such as thought disorder).

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Section: Evidence For Impaired Controlled/ Attentional Information Prmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Semantic Priming Effects In Schizophrenia In the Context Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Minzenberg

Ober

Vinogradov

2002

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

132

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“…Indeed, if anything, patients showed enhanced RIF. Whether this is an example of a disease-related abnormality of heightened automaticity is unknown (Callaway & Naghdi, 1982). Alternatively, the theory underlying RIF presupposes that repeated retrieval of a given item strengthens that item while simultaneously causing the loss of retrieval access to other related items.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of retrieval inhibition in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia

AhnAllen¹,

Nestor²,

McCarley³

et al. 2007

Psychiatry Research

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To examine retrieval-induced forgetting (RIF) in schizophrenia, subjects studied category-exemplar words taken from either strong or weak categories, and then practiced retrieval by completing category word-stems on half of the word pairs. Patients had reduced recall and recognition, but showed the expected RIF effect of better recall of unpracticed items from unpracticed categories than for unpracticed items from practiced categories. By contrast, patients and controls showed differing RIF for recognition as a function of categorical dominance: whereas controls showed RIF only for dominant category exemplar word pairs, patients showed RIF for both dominant and weak categories. Different patterns of baseline practiced retrieval for weak associate pairs in schizophrenia may explain this finding. The results failed to support faulty RIF in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia.

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“…The Frith model of schizophrenia (Frith, 1987(Frith, , 1992 places the main emphasis on the disturbance of automatic processes as responsible for the failure of patients in making a conscious distinction between their own actions and those performed by others. In fact, there is evidence that automatic processes, such as implicit memory, priming etc., are usually left intact in schizophrenic patients (Callaway and Naghdi, 1982;Gras-Vincendon et al, 1994), whereas conscious cognitive processes (explicit memory, action planning) are known to be more severely affected (e.g. Gray et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients

et al. 1997

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Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients. Cognition, Elsevier, 1997, 65, pp.71-86. Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients AbstractThe abilities to attribute an action to its proper agent and to understand its meaning when it is produced by someone else are basic aspects of human social communication. Several psychiatric syndromes, such as schizophrenia, seem to lead to a dysfunction of the awareness of one's own action as well as of recognition of actions performed by others. Such syndromes offer a framework for studying the determinants of agency, the ability to correctly attribute actions to their veridical source. Thirty normal subjects and 30 schizophrenic patients with and without hallucinations and/or delusional experiences were required to execute simple finger and wrist movements, without direct visual control of their hand. The image of either their own hand or an alien hand executing the same or a different movement was presented on a TV-screen in real time. The task for the subjects was to discriminate whether the hand presented on the screen was their own or not. Hallucinating and deluded schizophrenic patients were more impaired in discriminating their own hand from the alien one than the non-hallucinating ones, and tended to misattribute the alien hand to themselves. Results are discussed according to a model of action control. A tentative description of the mechanisms leading to action consciousness is proposed.

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An Information Processing Model for Schizophrenia

Cited by 253 publications

References 49 publications

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

Semantic priming in schizophrenia: A review and synthesis

The role of retrieval inhibition in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia

Looking for the agent: an investigation into consciousness of action and self-consciousness in schizophrenic patients

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