An infrared method to assess organoclay delamination and orientation in organoclay polymer nanocomposites

Ijdo, Wouter L.; Kemnetz, Steven; Benderly, D.

doi:10.1002/pen.20523

Cited by 34 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Considering PE/clay fibers, it can be seen that in every case the three sharp peaks of D67G disappeared, indicating the achievement of intercalated/exfoliated structure with interlayer higher than 4.4 nm (corresponding at 2θ value < 2°). The organoclay delamination was verified also by ATR-FTIR that allows relating the increase of the dispersion level of the clay to the change in its Si-O bond absorption band [38]. As demonstrated for several natural and organomodified clays (montmorillonite, bentonite and hectorite), Si-O bond appears as one broad bond when the material is agglomerated and is resolved in two peaks (in-plane and out-of-plane) after delamination.…”

Section: Morphology Of As-spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The D67G sample shows one broad Si-O band in the 1150-950 cm −1 region, where clays typically absorb IR radiation, and two low peaks in the 2950-2800 cm −1 region, corresponding to CH2 stretching due to the organic modifier. The The organoclay delamination was verified also by ATR-FTIR that allows relating the increase of the dispersion level of the clay to the change in its Si-O bond absorption band [38]. As demonstrated for several natural and organomodified clays (montmorillonite, bentonite and hectorite), Si-O bond appears as one broad bond when the material is agglomerated and is resolved in two peaks (in-plane and out-of-plane) after delamination.…”

Section: Morphology Of As-spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With concern to the matrix morphology, even at the lowest DR = 7.25, XRD patterns show the presence of well oriented crystallites and poorly oriented material, related to the formation of oriented semi-crystalline fibers (Figure 7). At higher DRs, only a slight increase of orientation is observed, as a consequence of a two-slip process (interlamellar and intralamellar deformations) as described in the literature [38,46,47]. To analyze in more depth the crystallographic deformation with strain, full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values were determined along the equatorial line (Figure 8) for the orthorhombic lattice planes (110) and (200).…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Characterization Of Drawn Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology Development and Mechanical Properties Variation during Cold-Drawing of Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposite Fibers

et al. 2017

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Abstract:In this work, the influence of composition and cold-drawing on nano-and micro-scale morphology and tensile mechanical properties of PE/organoclay nanocomposite fibers was investigated. Nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder, using a maleic anhydride grafted linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE-g-MA) and an organomodified montmorillonite (Dellite 67G) at three different loadings (3, 5 and 10 wt %). Fibers were produced by a single-screw extruder and drawn at five draw ratios (DRs): 7.25, 10, 13.5, 16 and 19. All nanocomposites, characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and FT-IR techniques, showed an intercalated/exfoliated morphology. The study evidenced that the nanoclay presence significantly increases both elastic modulus (up to +115% for fibers containing 10 wt % of D67G) and drawability of as-spun nanocomposite fibers. Moreover, at fixed nanocomposite composition, the cold-drawing process increases fibers elastic modulus and tensile strength at increasing DRs. However, at high DRs, "face-to-edge" rearrangement phenomena of clay layers (i.e., clay layers tend to rotate and touch each other) arise in fibers at high nanoclay loadings. Finally, nanocomposite fibers show a lower diameter reduction during drawing, with respect to the plain system, and surface feature of adjustable roughness by controlling the composition and the drawing conditions.

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Section: Morphology Of As-spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Morphology Of As-spun Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Structural and Morphological Characterization Of Drawn Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphology Development and Mechanical Properties Variation during Cold-Drawing of Polyethylene-Clay Nanocomposite Fibers

et al. 2017

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“…Ultraturrax high-shear dispersion and PP-g-MA compatibilizer addition along with long alkyl chain for compatibility with PP were reasons for exfoliation of clay layers in the PP matrix. Ultraturrax high-shear dispersion lead to exfoliation of the clay layers, for researchers elsewhere [42,43].…”

Section: Gas Tortuous Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen barrier property of polypropylene-polyether treated clay nanocomposite

Pannirselvam¹,

Genovese²,

Jollands³

et al. 2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were obtained by solution blending of polyether treated montmorillonite and PP, with a coupling agent of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The composition of the inorganic clay was varied in 1, 2 and 5 phr (parts of clay per hundred of PP by mass) while films of the composites were obtained via compression molding. Wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) showed nanocomposites in which silicate layers were exfoliated and intercalated with respect to the different clay ratios. The morphology and gas permeability of hybrids prepared with organoclay were compared. Morphological studies using transmission electron microscopy showed most clay layers were dispersed uniformly in the PP matrix. Some tactoids of agglomerated nanoparticles were detected, as clay content increased. The oxygen permeability for all the hybrids for clay loadings were reduced by 30% of the corresponding values for pure PP.

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“…A bulk measurement is definitely preferred, if one is to quantitatively establish the morphology of these systems. Some bulk measurements that have been used to complement TEM include, small and ultra-small angle X-ray scattering, SAXS and USAXS, 74 AFM, 75 solid state NMR, 76 infrared spectroscopy, 77 and rheological measurements. 78 Weiss 79 has made a comprehensive study of the intercalation behavior of n-alkylammonium ions into montmorillonite.…”

Section: Morphology Of Polymerically Modified Claymentioning

confidence: 99%