An Infrared Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Investigation for Detecting Fiber Waviness in Composite Structures

Elhajjar, Rani; Haj-Ali, Rami; Wei, Bo-Siou

doi:10.1080/03602559.2014.886116

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…According to [19,27,28], out-of-plane fiber waviness leads to the reduction of composite strength owing to the redistribution of load in the waviness area. At the same time, the waviness area is also a stress concentration area [17,29,30], where the initial defects are easy to occur. Therefore, the influence of magnitude factor and failure mode are analyzed through the experimental results.…”

Section: Influence Of Magnitude Factor Of Fiber Waviness On Tensile P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gaps/overlaps induced waviness on the mechanical properties of automated fiber placement (AFP)-manufactured composite laminate

Ju¹,

Xiao²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process is widely used to produce lightweight composite components owing to its excellent flexibility and efficiency. However, the out-of-plane fiber waviness induced by gaps and overlaps inevitably formed in the AFP process lack experimental studies. Therefore, an experimental research is proposed to study the influence mechanism of out-of-plane fiber waviness. Herein, based on the description of the shape of the fiber waviness, the relationship between the magnitude factor and the axial elastic modulus of laminate with fiber waviness is established. By embedding gaps and overlaps in the layup, a new approach to manufacturing composite laminate with fiber waviness of sine wave and sine-like wave is proposed, and the rationality of the theoretical analysis on the elastic properties of laminate with fiber waviness is verified. Finally, the effect of the magnitude factor on the mechanical properties of composite laminate is obtained by tensile and compression test. Experimental results show that the tensile and compression properties of laminate decrease significantly with the increase of magnitude factor. The effect of sine-like wave on mechanical properties is similar to that of sine wave, and it is feasible to splice sine-like wave into sine wave for mechanical property analysis.

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Section: Influence Of Magnitude Factor Of Fiber Waviness On Tensile P...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of gaps/overlaps induced waviness on the mechanical properties of automated fiber placement (AFP)-manufactured composite laminate

Ju¹,

Xiao²,

Wang³

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Given the morphology of wrinkles observed, the static strength and stiffness in the areas around the wrinkling zone are expected to be more than 50% lower than pristine or unwrinkled portions away from this region and the fatigue life reduced by more than 10 1–36 . This type of defects are by sure pre‐existing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The case study of a brittle failure of a mountain bike frame composed by carbon fiber reinforced plastic

et al. 2023

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A mountain bike carbon reinforced polymeric frame failed in two pieces during cycling over a grass meadow at a speed of about 25 km/h. This has caused the shoulder dislocation of the driver, also last author of this paper. Here, we demonstrate evidence of macroscopic numerous pre‐existing and propagating defects, such as wrinkles, voids and delaminations, resulting in low mechanical properties of this frame. Numerical dynamic simulations conclude the paper and suggest a further cause of frame weakening, due to defect‐resonance interaction. The paper suggests that the design of carbon fiber reinforced plastic frame for mountain bikes may require new scientific and technological advancements for the safety of the riders, at least today carefully eliminating pre‐existing defects and tomorrow proposing bioinspired flaw tolerant solutions.

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“…The results should be distinguished from the stress concentration from main composite structures or thermal expansion from the composite surfaces. 10 Advanced X-ray imaging techniques, such as computed tomography, can indicate waviness defects and ply orientation clearly. 11,12 However, the equipment is expensive and the imaging resolution is confined by the sample size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wavenumber imaging of fiber waviness in hybrid glass–carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plates

Zhang

Ren

Song

et al. 2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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Out-of-plane waviness is one of the most common defects which degenerates the strength, stiffness, and fatigue life of hybrid glass–carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites (FRPs). An accurate and high-speed non-destructive testing method is highly desired for large composite structures in industries. Ultrasonic phased array is a great candidate for such application. This paper applies the wavenumber algorithm to image the waviness in hybrid FRP plates which are a multi-layered medium. The central frequency of 5 MHZ is chosen in order to maximize the ply resonance. Transducers are migrated virtually to each interface between glass and carbon plies in order to overcome the difficulty of wave propagation analysis in such multi-layered system. The wavenumber algorithm demonstrates a better computational performance compared to that of the traditional total focusing method (TFM) in time domain up to 6 times. The glass ply depth and waviness angle can be more accurately presented with relative errors less than 1.5% and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, the resin-rich defect characterization is also achievable with a maximum error of 14.4%.

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An Infrared Thermoelastic Stress Analysis Investigation for Detecting Fiber Waviness in Composite Structures

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of gaps/overlaps induced waviness on the mechanical properties of automated fiber placement (AFP)-manufactured composite laminate

Effect of gaps/overlaps induced waviness on the mechanical properties of automated fiber placement (AFP)-manufactured composite laminate

The case study of a brittle failure of a mountain bike frame composed by carbon fiber reinforced plastic

The wavenumber imaging of fiber waviness in hybrid glass–carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plates

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