An input–output approach to evaluate the water footprint and virtual water trade of Beijing, China

Wang, Ziyuan; Huang, Kai; Yang, Shenmiao; Yu, Yajuan

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.11.007

Cited by 186 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This indicates that the large difference in water stress is driven by renewable freshwater availability (Table 4). National-level studies on virtual water have revealed that several economically advanced provinces, such as the cities of Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanghai, Zhejiang and Guangdong, have imported huge amounts of virtual water from outside to alleviate their water stresses [15,28,29]. This is especially applicable to the city of Beijing.…”

Section: Water Stress and Virtual Water Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Water Flows at the County Level in the Heihe River Basin, China

Zhang

Zhou

2017

Water

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Water scarcity in arid regions can be addressed by using the virtual water concept in water resources management. This research used a compiled county-level input-output table to analyze virtual water flows for the Heihe River Basin in 2012 by applying a multi-regional input-output (MRIO) model. The results showed that the Heihe River Basin is a net virtual water exporter at a scale of 1.05 billion m 3 , which accounts for one third of the total amount of the basin's water resources. The midstream area of the basin imports 96.31% of virtual water (2.04 billion m 3 ) and exports 88.84% of virtual water (0.94 billion m 3 ). In contrast, the upstream and downstream parts have limited virtual water flows. The agricultural sector largely consumes water in each county; maize or wheat production accounts for approximately 50% of the total water consumption. For most sectors, the virtual water content from surface water is greater than that from groundwater. The ratio of virtual surface water to virtual groundwater ranges from 1.20 to 2.91. The results for the water stress index indicated that most counties experienced water stress due to maize production. Greater attention needs to be paid to the adaptation and assessment of virtual water strategies in arid regions.

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Section: Water Stress and Virtual Water Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Water Flows at the County Level in the Heihe River Basin, China

Zhang

Zhou

2017

Water

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“…The urban WF studies have been performed for Beijing, China [66,97,[121][122][123]; Milan [124]; London, UK [125]; as well as Berlin, Delhi, and Lagos in Germany, India, and Nigeria, respectively [69]. Hoff et al [69] found that Berlin imported more than 60% of its virtual water from abroad whereas the virtual water for the developing cities of Delhi and Lagos primarily came from domestic sources.…”

Section: Urban Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Wang et al [123] compared the WF of Beijing for the years 2002 and 2007 using sector level data. They found that over this period there was a decline in industrial and agricultural water use and that the city was a virtual water importer.…”

Section: Urban Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research

et al. 2015

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Cities are hotspots of commodity consumption, with implications for both local and systemic water resources. Water flows "virtually" into and out of cities through the extensive cross-boundary exchange of goods and services. Both virtual and real water flows are affected by water supply investments and urban planning decisions, which influence residential, commercial, and industrial development. This form of water "teleconnection" is being increasingly recognized as an important aspect of water decision-making. The role of trade and virtual water flows as an alternative to expanding a city's "real" water supply is rarely acknowledged, with an emphasis placed instead on monotonic expansion of engineering potable water supplies. We perform a literature review of water footprint studies to evaluate OPEN ACCESSSustainability 2015, 7 8462 the potential and importance of taking virtual flows into account in urban planning and policy. We compare and contrast current methods to assess virtual water flows. We also identify and discuss priorities for future research in urban water footprint analysis.

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“…It has been used for modeling industrial systems within an eco-industrial park to look at risk aspects in bioenergy parks (Benjamin et al 2015) and to develop adaptation strategies within industrial complexes or supply chains . It has also been used for modeling systems for sustainability to analyze the environmental impact of energy policies (Igos et al 2015), to assess the performance of various bioenergy technologies (Song et al 2015), to look into the water footprint of trade (Wang et al 2013) and to evaluate the risks associated with the adoption of biofuel blending policies in the context of climate change to name a few. Further extensions of the I-O model include the inoperability input-output model (IIM) which has been primarily developed for evaluating the impact of disasters on critical infrastructure systems (Haimes and Jiang 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing Human Resource Allocation in Organizations During Crisis Conditions: a P-graph Approach

Aviso

Cayamanda

Mayol

et al. 2017

Process Integr Optim Sustain

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The onset of climate change is expected to bring about more severe weather patterns which may lead to floods, drought, and even the outbreak of new types of diseases. These can potentially disrupt the operations of industries and firms as infrastructure can be damaged and the availability of resources and workforce are compromised. It is thus important to develop models which will assist in the efficient management of resources during times of crisis. Process systems engineering techniques have previously been used for the design and optimization of complex systems during crisis conditions. This work presents the development of a P-graph model for the optimal allocation of human resources within a firm when the available workforce has been limited due to a climate change-induced crisis. The model identifies an optimal strategy for maximizing firm productivity by prioritizing highly critical areas.

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An input–output approach to evaluate the water footprint and virtual water trade of Beijing, China

Cited by 186 publications

References 21 publications

Virtual Water Flows at the County Level in the Heihe River Basin, China

Virtual Water Flows at the County Level in the Heihe River Basin, China

Water Footprint of Cities: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research

Optimizing Human Resource Allocation in Organizations During Crisis Conditions: a P-graph Approach

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