An Inquiry into the Minimal Amount of Auditory Deprivation which Results in a Cognitive Effect in Man

Ruben, Robert J.

doi:10.3109/00016488409122898

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The occurrence of otitis media has also been documented as a common denominator associated with greater defect in children who have pre‐existing conditions that place them at high risk of language or cognitive deficits 36 . Children with cleft palate who had early intervention for otitis media had a statistically significantly higher IQ at 4 and 5 years of age than children who were not treated ( P = 0.02) 38 .…”

Section: A Multifactorial Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes

Williams¹,

Jacobs²

2009

Medical Journal of Australia

134

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Otitis media is a common disease in childhood that can adversely affect cognitive and educational outcomes. The literature in this area is equivocal, and findings may be influenced by research design. The impact of otitis media on individual children's development appears to depend on the inter‐relationship between several factors. Children who have early‐onset otitis media (under 12 months) are at high risk of developing long‐term speech and language problems. Otitis media has been found to interact negatively with pre‐existing cognitive or language problems. For biological or environmental reasons, some populations have a pattern of early onset, higher prevalence and episodes of longer duration; this pattern leads to a higher risk of long‐term speech and language problems. These factors suggest that Indigenous children may be at higher risk of cognitive and educational sequelae than non‐Indigenous children.

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Section: A Multifactorial Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes

Williams¹,

Jacobs²

2009

Medical Journal of Australia

134

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“…Children with a history of chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) and resultant long‐standing conductive HL (CHL) have been noted to lag their peers in acquisition of speech and language skills 1‐9 . Whether this developmental delay results in long‐term impairment is the subject of controversy, 9,10 although specific auditory processing deficits identified in individuals with long‐standing CHL have been noted to persist years after correction of the HL 11 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of auditory processing deficits in children with even mild forms of CHL, particularly if these deficits were noted to persist long after surgical correction of the HL, would argue for more aggressive and more timely intervention for this condition. Many investigators have argued that children with a history of frequent episodes of OM experience at least temporary delays in acquisition of language skills and communication abilities 1‐9 . Convincing evidence of deficits in specific auditory processing skills does exist 23‐30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conductive Hearing Loss Results in a Decrease in Central Auditory System Activity in the Young Gerbil

1999

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“…This includes a wide range of actual hearing abilities, and how it relates to psychosocial consequences in humans is unclear (2). Hitherto, research has concentrated on effects in people with relatively large hearing losses, with little attention paid to the effects of variability within the normal range.…”

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confidence: 99%

Variation in the Normal Hearing Threshold Predicts Childhood IQ, Linguistic, and Behavioral Outcomes

Welch

Dawes

2007

Pediatr Res

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Childhood hearing level varies considerably within the range considered normal. Four classes of outcome were investigated for associations with hearing thresholds in this range: ability to identify speech in noise, neurocognitive ability, linguistic ability, and behavior. The research was conducted in a general population cohort of 711 children with mean hearing threshold of 15 dB HL or better. Some outcomes: speech in noise, intelligence, and certain linguistic abilities, were predicted in both boys and girls; effects were stronger in girls. In girls only, poorer hearing predicted worse behavior. These effects remained after statistical control for childhood socioeconomic status and otitis media. Variability in normal hearing, due to causes other than otitis media, is associated with the listening, language, and neurocognitive abilities of children, and the behavior of girls. We suggest that these effects may be present for three reasons, cochlear insults, neurodevelopmental factors, and psychological factors. We discuss how these may interact to produce the effects observed. T he conventional cut-off for normal-range hearing in children is 15 dB HL (1); which includes 97% (711/734) of the general population sample assessed here. This includes a wide range of actual hearing abilities, and how it relates to psychosocial consequences in humans is unclear (2). Hitherto, research has concentrated on effects in people with relatively large hearing losses, with little attention paid to the effects of variability within the normal range. We investigated four areas for which we hypothesized effects of hearing level in normally hearing children. Identification of signals in noise.A relation between puretone detection and identification of signals in noise has been demonstrated in minimally hearing-impaired children (3). Variation in normal hearing may be due to vulnerable structures involved in the cochlear active process (4). Children with poorer normal hearing may be less able to identify signals in noise due to slight deterioration in these systems.Neurocognitive ability. Assessment of hearing threshold measures performance on a psychoacoustical task in which general neurocognitive ability might play a part, so variation in threshold might be related to IQ. Furthermore, a body of research has related sensory processing, in terms of inspection time, with IQ (5-7). Thus, there may be a relation between hearing and IQ.Linguistic ability. Children with minimal hearing impairment perform less well on tests of educational performance, particularly in areas related to language (8). Furthermore, those with poor linguistic abilities perform less well on tests of acoustic frequency and temporal resolution (9,10). These findings are with stimuli requiring a high degree of processing (11), however, simple detectability may contribute to the effects shown.Behavior. Little research has investigated behavioral concomitants of variation in hearing in children. In deaf people, there may be effects with depression and interp...

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An Inquiry into the Minimal Amount of Auditory Deprivation which Results in a Cognitive Effect in Man

Cited by 20 publications

References 38 publications

The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes

The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes

Conductive Hearing Loss Results in a Decrease in Central Auditory System Activity in the Young Gerbil

Variation in the Normal Hearing Threshold Predicts Childhood IQ, Linguistic, and Behavioral Outcomes

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