An insight into a combined effect of backsheet and EVA encapsulant on field degradation of PV modules

Abstract

Polymer components, in particular, backsheets (BSs) and ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulants, play a crucial role in the degradation of commercial silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules. Degradation mechanisms depend in a complex way on the composition and properties of all involved polymers. In this study, we demonstrate that differences in the composition of EVA encapsulants, in particular, the presence of additives, such as UV blockers, affect the degradative processes in a decisive way, even for modules with identical BSs. A combination of spectral, imaging, and electrical characterization techniques applied in a mixed lab/field study showed that the field aging of PV modules with the same BSs and different encapsulant components results in the development of different degradation signs, such as insulation resistance loss, corrosion of metal interconnects, water ingress, oxidation depth in the encapsulant, and potential‐induced degradation, depending on the presence of additives in the encapsulant. The present study provides an outlook on the complex influence of polymer components on the lifetime and performance of silicon PV modules.

Assessing Field Degradation of Photovoltaic Modules by Near‐Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Encapsulant

“…As reported earlier, [ 19 ] NIRA is not sensitive enough to detect the presence of additives (UV filters, antioxidants, adhesives, etc.) in EVA encapsulants because of their small content (below 1 w%).…”

“…It should be noted that the relevance of the spectral NIRA feature observed at 2140 nm for the assessment of the carbonyl population in EVA encapsulants was confirmed earlier by an almost linear relationship between the relative intensities of the 2140 nm band in NIRA spectra and the carbonyl‐related 1740 cm −1 band in Raman spectra of EVA samples. [ 9,19 ]…”