An insight into formation of nanostructured coatings on metallic substrates by planetary ball milling

Yazdani, Ahmad; Zakeri, Alireza

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2015.03.026

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Nevertheless, their applicability has been restricted due to their low hardness, poor wear resistance and high pitting corrosion tendency [3]. Different types of coatings such as nitrides [4,5], oxides [6], intermetallics [7,8] and composite [9] have been applied by diverse techniques such as mechanical coating [9], plasma electrolytic oxidation [10], ion implantation [11], plasma nitriding [12] and so forth to improve the surface characteristics of Al alloys. Among the nitride coatings, TiN [4,13] and AlN [5,14] have received a great deal of attention due to their excellent features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active screen plasma nitriding of Al using an iron cage: Characterization and evaluation

Yazdani

Soltanieh

Aghajani

2015

Vacuum

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active screen plasma nitriding of Al using an iron cage: Characterization and evaluation

Yazdani

Soltanieh

Aghajani

2015

Vacuum

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“…As in the case of some materials like Ti, Ni, or Al, accumulation of milled powders on the milling container walls was found to be quite heavy [17,18], so it could be accepted as an alternative deposition method of coatings. Papers in this area published so far describe such a possibility as the formation of coatings by mechanical alloying [8,9,10,11,12], mechanical milling [13,19] or mechanical attrition treatment [20,21]. The first one is the most popular as it points toward tools used for their production, though it did not refer to the mechanism of coating deposition and, in the case of their formation from alloyed powders, it could be misleading (none of alloying processes are involved).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It results in the formation of numerous voids and a number of microstructure features starting from those solidified as amorphous, through fine crystalline, up to coarse crystalline ones. A newly emerging deposition method based on mechanical embedding (ME) of powder particles into metallic substrates during their mechanical milling seems to be fully capable of competing with the APS method with respect to the thickness of the deposited coatings [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. In spite of the high surface roughness inherently connected with the mechanism of their build up, i.e., the local impact of rotating balls used in milling vials against substrate platelets, the ME coating’s microstructure should be much more uniform than those obtained with the APS method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure of Coatings on Nickel and Steel Platelets Obtained by Co-Milling with NiAl and CrB2 Powders

et al. 2019

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Metal matrix composite coatings are developed to protect parts made from materials susceptible to wear, like nickel alloys or stainless steel. The industry-established deposition method is presently an atmospheric plasma spraying method since it allows the production of both well-adhering and thick coatings. Alternatively, similar coatings could be produced by co-milling of ceramic and alloyed powders together with metallic plates serving as substrates. It results in mechanical embedding of the powder particles into exposed metallic surfaces required coatings. The present experiment was aimed at the analysis of microstructure of such coatings obtained using NiAl and CrB2 powders. They were loaded together with nickel and stainless steel platelets into ball mill vials and rotated at 350 rpm for up to 32 h. This helped to produce coatings of a thickness up to ~40 µm. The optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy observations of the coatings led to conclusion that the higher the rotation speed of vials, the wider the intermixing zone between the coating and the substrate. Simultaneously, it was established that the total thickness of the coating deposited at specified conditions is limited by the brittleness of its nanocrystalline matrix. An increase in the hardness of the substrate results in a decrease of the intermixing zone. The above results indicate that even as the method based on mechanical embedding could so far produce thinner coatings than the plasma spraying, in the former case they are characterized by a more uniform nanocrystalline matrix with homogenously distributed fine ceramic particles.

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“…Examples of such methods are electrodeposition in the presence of a static magnetic field [79] and planetary ball milling [80]. As the seventh suggestion, each of these methods should be explored for use in the nanoHA-plain biolloy specimen system.…”

Section: Directions For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coating on Bioalloy Substrates: Current Status and Future Directions

Lewis¹

2017

JAN

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Abstract. Several shortcomings of the alloys that are used to fabricate a number of currentgeneration biomedical implants, such as Ti-6Al-4V alloy for the femoral stem of a total hip replacement and AZ3 Mg alloy for the scaffold of a fully bioabsorbable coronary artery stent, are well-known. Examples of these shortcomings are limited bioactivity/osseointegration (in the case of Ti-based alloys) and high corrosion rate (in the case of Mg-based alloys). It is now recognized that a nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nanoHA) coating on the substrate of a bioalloy can increase bioactivity and reduce corrosion of the substrate. A large number of nanoHA deposition methods and a variety of characterization techniques/methods have been used to obtain an assortment of properties of the coating, the coated specimens, and the coating-substrate interface. Examples of these deposition methods are electrophoretic deposition and radiofrequency magnetron sputtering and some of the most frequently used characterization techniques/methods are x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, immersion tests in a biosimulating solution at 37 o C, and culturing in cells extracted from humans. Among the properties obtained are the morphology, thickness, size of the nanoHA; degree of crystallinity of the coating; and the adhesive strength and corrosion rate in an aqueous biosimulating solution at 37 o C. The present work is a comprehensive review of the very large body of literature in this field, with the focal topics being essential steps in a deposition method, discussion of the influence of deposition method variables on myriad coating properties (for a given deposition method), and identification of the shortcomings of the literature, and, hence, outlines of ten suggested directions for future research.

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An insight into formation of nanostructured coatings on metallic substrates by planetary ball milling

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Active screen plasma nitriding of Al using an iron cage: Characterization and evaluation

Active screen plasma nitriding of Al using an iron cage: Characterization and evaluation

Microstructure of Coatings on Nickel and Steel Platelets Obtained by Co-Milling with NiAl and CrB2 Powders

Nanostructured Hydroxyapatite Coating on Bioalloy Substrates: Current Status and Future Directions

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