An Insight into Molecular Targets of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis

Abstract

Brain metastasis is one of the major reasons of death in breast cancer (BC) patients, significantly affecting the quality of life, physical activity, and interdependence on several individuals. There is no clear evidence in scientific literature that depicts an exact mechanism relating to brain metastasis in BC patients. The tendency to develop breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) differs by the BC subtype, varying from almost half with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (HER2− ER− PR−), one-third with HER2+ (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, and around one-tenth with luminal subclass (ER+ (estrogen positive) or PR+ (progesterone positive)) breast cancer. This review focuses on the molecular pathways as possible therapeutic targets of BCBMs and their potent drugs under different stages of clinical trial. In view of increased numbers of clinical trials and systemic studies, the scientific community is hopeful of unraveling the underlying mechanisms of BCBMs that will help in designing an effective treatment regimen with multiple molecular targets.

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“…Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women across the globe 56,57 . Curcumin can inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells by different mechanisms, such as inducing cell cycle arrest, p53‐dependent apoptosis, alteration of cell signaling protein, downregulation of transcription factors, and inhibition of tumor growth and angiogenesis 58,59 .…”

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Breast cancer: A comparative review for breast cancer detection using machine learning techniques

“…As a result, accurate disease diagnosis can be difficult and time-consuming. Breast cancer 2 is the most common cancer in women across the world. It is the most frequent female malignancy, resulting from the uncontrolled growth of cancerous breast cells.…”