An Insight into Practical Solutions for Electric Vehicle Charging in Smart Grid

Abstract

The electrification of transportation has been developed to support energy efficiency and CO2 reduction. As a result, electric vehicles (EVs) have become more popular in the current transport system to create more efficient energy. In recent years, this increase in EVs as well as renewable energy resources (RERs) has led to a major issue for power system networks. This paper studies electrical vehicles (EVs) and their applications in the smart grid and provides practical solutions for EV charging strategies in a smart power system to overcome the issues associated with large-scale EV penetrations. The research first reviews the EV battery infrastructure and charging strategies and introduces the main impacts of uncontrolled charging on the power grid. Then, it provides a practical overview of the existing and future solutions to manage the large-scale integration of EVs into the network. The simulation results for two controlled strategies of maximum sensitivity selection (MSS) and genetic algorithm (GA) optimization are presented and reviewed. A comparative analysis was performed to prove the application and validity of the solution approaches. This also helps researchers with the application of the optimization approaches on EV charging strategies. These two algorithms were implemented on a modified IEEE 23 kV medium voltage distribution system with switched shunt capacitors (SSCs) and a low voltage residential network, including EVs and nonlinear EV battery chargers.

Simulation of electric vehicles daily charging in a low-voltage network to reduce grid reinforcement needs

“…These measures could help alleviate the impact of our mobility on the global climate, however, the introduction of new electrical loads into the electrical network must be carefully analysed to ensure grid reliability and security of supply, and thus prevent grid congestions [4]. Indeed, if the uptake of EVs is strong and the grid is too weak, the simultaneous charging of EVs could become unsustainable and require excessively expensive grid reinforcement.…”

Smart Charging of Electric Vehicles Considering SOC-Dependent Maximum Charging Powers

“…At the end of 2020, there were around 10 million EVs on the world's roads, and the number of EV registrations increased by 41% in 2020 [1]. The uncontrolled charging of this rising number of EVs, together with an increasing share of renewable energy, imposes significant challenges for the stable operation of the power grid in terms of the power quality, voltage stability, peak demand, and reliability [2]. In addition to further measures, like time-of-use prices [3] and dynamic pricing schemes [4], smart charging [5,6] is considered a promising strategy to mitigate these issues.…”

Interleaved, Switched Inductor and High-Gain Wide Bandgap Based Boost Converter Proposal

“…Within the automotive sector, the latest electric vehicle configurations operate in general in the 150-450 Vdc range [11], requiring, as well, the use of step-up converters to supply voltage to the electrical engines from the batteries or to charge them [12].…”