An insight into the feeding ecology of deep-sea canyon nematodes — Results from field observations and the first in-situ 13C feeding experiment in the Nazaré Canyon

Ingels, Jeroen; Billett, David; Gaever, Saskia Van; Vanreusel, Ann

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2010.10.018

Cited by 43 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Gambi and Danovaro (2016) found a general dominance of deposit feeders in the Whittard Canyon, as also found by Ingels et al (2011c) and Amaro et al (2016). Canyon sediments are also generally characterised by a more complex nematode trophic complexity compared to slope systems, with a more even distribution between the different feeding types, a likely consequence of the greater variety of food sources available in canyon sediments and enhanced niche exploitation (Ingels et al 2011b). Amaro et al (2016) and Gambi and Danovaro (2016) also show that predatory species are less prevalent in the Whittard Canyon than on the adjacent slope, although it has been shown for the Nazare Canyon that predatory and scavenging species can be more abundant and can represent greater biomass in the canyon compared to the slope (Ingels et al , 2011b.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Canyon sediments are also generally characterised by a more complex nematode trophic complexity compared to slope systems, with a more even distribution between the different feeding types, a likely consequence of the greater variety of food sources available in canyon sediments and enhanced niche exploitation (Ingels et al 2011b). Amaro et al (2016) and Gambi and Danovaro (2016) also show that predatory species are less prevalent in the Whittard Canyon than on the adjacent slope, although it has been shown for the Nazare Canyon that predatory and scavenging species can be more abundant and can represent greater biomass in the canyon compared to the slope (Ingels et al , 2011b. Local conditions and environmental heterogeneities on a cm or mm scale are likely the cause for such discrepancies since canyon nematode communities tend to be regulated by processes that operate on very small spatial scales Rosli et al this issue).…”

Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the same context, the prevalence of opportunistic nematode taxa in canyons stands in contrast with the relatively more persistent taxa and communities characteristically found in slope environments, a consequence of the regular sedimentary disturbances and environmental variability in canyon sediments. A major implication of these functional studies is that different deep-sea habitats can be associated to different life strategies and taxa with different functional attributes and contribute to increase the functional diversity of deep-sea ecosystems (Ingels et al 2011b;Gambi and Danovaro 2016).…”

Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

et al. 2017

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Extreme marine environments cover more than 50% of the Earth's surface and offer many opportunities for investigating the biological responses and adaptations of organisms to stressful life conditions. Extreme marine environments are sometimes associated with ephemeral and unstable ecosystems, but can host abundant, often endemic and welladapted meiofaunal species. In this review, we present an integrated view of the biodiversity, ecology and physiological responses of marine meiofauna inhabiting several extreme marine environments (mangroves, submarine caves, Polar ecosystems, hypersaline areas, hypoxic/anoxic environments, hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, carcasses/sunken woods, deep-sea canyons, deep hypersaline anoxic basins [DHABs] and hadal zones). Foraminiferans, nematodes and copepods are abundant in almost all of these habitats and are dominant in deep-sea ecosystems. The presence and dominance of some other taxa that are normally less common may be typical of certain extreme conditions. Kinorhynchs are particularly well adapted to cold seeps and other environments that experience drastic changes in salinity, rotifers are well represented in polar ecosystems and loriciferans seem to be the only metazoan able to survive multiple stressors in DHABs. As well as natural processes, human activities may generate stressful conditions, including deoxygenation, acidification and rises in temperature. The behaviour and physiology of different meiofaunal taxa, such as some foraminiferans, nematode and copepod species, can provide vital information on how organisms may respond to these challenges and can provide a warning signal of anthropogenic impacts. From an evolutionary perspective, the discovery of new meiofauna taxa from extreme environments very often sheds light on phylogenetic relationships, while understanding how meiofaunal organisms are able to survive or even flourish in these conditions can explain evolutionary pathways. Finally, there are multiple potential economic benefits to be gained from ecological, biological, physiological and evolutionary studies of meiofauna in extreme environments. Despite all the advantages offered by meiofauna studies from extreme environments, there is still an urgent need to foster meiofauna research in terms of composition, ecology, biology and physiology focusing on extreme environments.

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Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptation Of Meiofauna To Canyon Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

et al. 2017

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“…Yet, to date there is no evidence that these food sources are of substantial importance to maintain the metabolic demands of these organisms. Food experiments with bacteria, cyanobacteria, and diatoms have been performed in different deep-sea locations but have always resulted in a very low uptake by nematodes (Witte et al 2003b;Moens et al 2005;Ingels et al in press (a and b)). Both the fact that freeze-dried detritus was used and that often a time-lagged response occurred led to the suggestion that nematode uptake could be indirect, through indigenous bacteria or other microheterotrophs growing on the added detritus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a comparable direct and considerable ingestion of phytodetritus by protozoan species and several macrofaunal taxa was measured (Levin et al 1999;Moodley et al 2000;Aberle and Witte 2003), the shortterm uptake by nematodes was limited (Moodley et al 2002;Ingels et al in press (a)) or absent (Nomaki et al 2005;Sweetman and Witte 2008;Ingels et al in press (b)). Occasionally a time delay of around 3 weeks prior to a limited uptake was observed for nematodes (Witte et al 2003b).…”

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confidence: 91%

Nutritional importance of benthic bacteria for deep‐sea nematodes from the Arctic ice margin: Results of an isotope tracer experiment

Guilini

Oevelen

Soetaert

et al. 2010

Limnology & Oceanography

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A stable isotope ( 13 C)-labeling experiment was performed to quantify the importance of bacterial carbon as a food source for an Arctic deep-sea nematode community. Bacterial functional groups were isotopically enriched with 13 C-glucose, 13 C-acetate, 13 C-bicarbonate, and 13 C-amino acids injected into sediments collected from 1280 m depth at 79uN, 6uE, west of Svalbard. Incorporation of the 13 C label into bacterial phospholipid-derived fatty acids (PLFAs) and nematodes in the top 5 cm of the sediment was monitored over a 7-d period. The 13 C dynamics of nematodes was fitted with a simple isotope turnover model to derive the importance of the different bacterial functional groups as carbon sources for the nematodes. The different substrates clearly labeled different bacterial groups as evidenced by differential labeling of the PLFA patterns. The deep-sea nematode community incorporated a very limited amount of the label, and the isotope turnover model showed that the dynamics of the isotope transfer could not be attributed to bacterivory. The low enrichment of nematodes suggests a limited passive uptake of injected 13 C-labeled substrates. The lack of accumulation suggests that the injected 13 C-labeled dissolved organic carbon compounds are not important as carbon sources for deep-sea nematodes. Since earlier studies with isotopically enriched algae also found limited uptake by nematodes, the food sources of deep-sea nematodes remain unclear.

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Possible effects of global environmental changes on Antarctic benthos: a synthesis across five major taxa

Ingels

Vanreusel

Brandt

et al. 2012

Ecology and Evolution

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Because of the unique conditions that exist around the Antarctic continent, Southern Ocean (SO) ecosystems are very susceptible to the growing impact of global climate change and other anthropogenic influences. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand how SO marine life will cope with expected future changes in the environment. Studies of Antarctic organisms have shown that individual species and higher taxa display different degrees of sensitivity to environmental shifts, making it difficult to predict overall community or ecosystem responses. This emphasizes the need for an improved understanding of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem response to global climate change using a multitaxon approach with consideration of different levels of biological organization. Here, we provide a synthesis of the ability of five important Antarctic benthic taxa (Foraminifera, Nematoda, Amphipoda, Isopoda, and Echinoidea) to cope with changes in the environment (temperature, pH, ice cover, ice scouring, food quantity, and quality) that are linked to climatic changes. Responses from individual to the taxon-specific community level to these drivers will vary with taxon but will include local species extinctions, invasions of warmer-water species, shifts in diversity, dominance, and trophic group composition, all with likely consequences for ecosystem functioning. Limitations in our current knowledge and understanding of climate change effects on the different levels are discussed.

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An insight into the feeding ecology of deep-sea canyon nematodes — Results from field observations and the first in-situ 13C feeding experiment in the Nazaré Canyon

Cited by 43 publications

References 53 publications

Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

Characteristics of meiofauna in extreme marine ecosystems: a review

Nutritional importance of benthic bacteria for deep‐sea nematodes from the Arctic ice margin: Results of an isotope tracer experiment

Possible effects of global environmental changes on Antarctic benthos: a synthesis across five major taxa

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