An insight into the gas-phase inhibition mechanism of polymers by addition of triphenyl phosphate flame retardant

Trubachev, Stanislav A.; Korobeinichev, Oleg P.; Kostritsa, S. A.; Kobtsev, V. D.; Paletsky, A. A.; Kumar, Amit; Смирнов, В. В.

doi:10.1063/5.0033887

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…All things considered, the results of elemental analysis confirm the assumption about the gas-phase mechanism inhibition of the DDM-DOPO additive. The influence of flame retardants containing phosphorus in the composition of polymeric materials was previously studied [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The main mechanism of action of these additives is believed to be participation of this species and its decomposition products in chain-termination reactions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Flame-Retardant Additives DDM-DOPO and Graphene on Flame Propagation over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin under the Influence of External Thermal Radiation

Korobeinichev,

Sosnin,

Shaklein

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The flammability of various materials used in industry is an important issue in the modern world. This work is devoted to the study of the effect of flame retardants, graphene and DDM-DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-4,4′-diamino-diphenyl methane), on the flammability of glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin (GFRER). Samples were made without additives and with additives of fire retardants: graphene and DDM-DOPO in various proportions. To study the flammability of the samples, standard flammability tests were carried out, such as thermogravimetric analysis, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, and cone calorimetry. In addition, in order to test the effectiveness of fire retardants under real fire conditions, for the first time, the thermal structure of downward flame propagation over GFRER composites was measured using thin thermocouples. For the first time, the measured thermal structure of the flame was compared with the results of numerical simulations of flame propagation over GFRER.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Flame-Retardant Additives DDM-DOPO and Graphene on Flame Propagation over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin under the Influence of External Thermal Radiation

Korobeinichev,

Sosnin,

Shaklein

et al. 2023

Molecules

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“…Figure 3 schematically shows the main components of the experimental setup, as well as the relative position and configuration of the flame and the probe laser beam [ 56 ]. The studied samples of cast PMMA and cast PMMA + 10% TPP were inserted into a thin metal frame.…”

Section: The Experimental Methods For Studying the Combustion Charact...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 56 ], using the planar-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique, it was shown that when TPP is added to the PMMA composition, a smaller amount of OH radicals is observed in a horizontally propagating flame. This is illustrated in Figure 12 , which shows images of the intensity fields (I) of the OH radical fluorescence in a PMMA flame (left, a) and PMMA + 10% TPP (right, b).…”

Section: Combustion Mechanisms Of Pmma Pe and Gfrer Without Flame-ret...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the combustion of PMMA and PMMA with flame-retardant additives, ~99% of the initial fuel enters the gas phase; i.e., the formation of a carbon frame does not occur. An elemental analysis of the soot formed during the combustion of PMMA samples with a flame-retardant additive of 20% TPP (phosphorus content in the sample 1.89%), carried out in [ 56 ], showed that the amount of phosphorus in the soot was 0.3% of the initial mass of the sample. Consequently, most of the phosphorus passed into the gas phase, and a smaller part was involved in the process of soot formation.…”

Section: Combustion Mechanisms Of Pmma Pe and Gfrer Without Flame-ret...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the GFRER + 6% DDM-DOPO sample had the highest LOI among the studied samples, as well as the highest limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), equal to 35%. Due to the presence of phosphorus in DDM-DOPO, it was presumed that the degradation products of DDM-DOPO formed in the gas phase participated in the recombination reactions of H and OH radicals, causing flame extinction, similar to the action of TPP [ 50 , 56 ]. In the experiment, the effects of both FRs on the decrease in the rate of flame spread at O 2 concentrations higher than 37.5% were actually the same, which demonstrated conformance with the results of the VBB test.…”

Section: Combustion Mechanisms Of Pmma Pe and Gfrer Without Flame-ret...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms of the Action of Fire-Retardants on Reducing the Flammability of Certain Classes of Polymers and Glass-Reinforced Plastics Based on the Study of Their Combustion

et al. 2022

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In the present review, using an integrated approach based on the experimental and theoretical study of the processes of thermal decomposition and combustion of practically important polymers, such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and glass-fiber-reinforced epoxy resin, the features of the mechanism for reducing the combustibility of these materials with phosphorus-containing flame-retardants (FR), as well as graphene, are identified. A set of original experimental methods was developed and applied that make it possible to study the kinetics of thermal decomposition and the thermal and chemical structure of the flames of the studied materials, including those with FR additives, as well as to measure the flame propagation velocity, the mass burning rate, and the heat fluxes from the flame on the surface of a material. Numerical models were developed and tested to describe the key parameters of the flames of the studied polymeric materials. An analysis of the experimental and numerical simulation data presented showed that the main effect of phosphorus-containing fire-retardants on reducing the combustibility of these materials is associated with the inhibition of combustion processes in the gas phase, and the effect of adding graphene manifests itself in both gas and condensed phases.

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An insight into the gas-phase inhibition mechanism of polymers by addition of triphenyl phosphate flame retardant

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

The Effect of Flame-Retardant Additives DDM-DOPO and Graphene on Flame Propagation over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin under the Influence of External Thermal Radiation

The Effect of Flame-Retardant Additives DDM-DOPO and Graphene on Flame Propagation over Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Resin under the Influence of External Thermal Radiation

Mechanisms of the Action of Fire-Retardants on Reducing the Flammability of Certain Classes of Polymers and Glass-Reinforced Plastics Based on the Study of Their Combustion

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