An Insight on Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models for PM_2.5-Induced Pulmonary Complications

Abstract

Pulmonary diseases like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer pose a significant burden to global human health. Many of these complications arise as a result of exposure to particulate matter (PM), which has been examined in several preclinical and clinical trials for its effect on several respiratory diseases. Particulate matter of size less than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) has been known to inflict unforeseen repercussions, although data from epidemiological studies to back this are pending. Conventionally utilized two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and preclinical animal models have provided insufficient benefits in emulating the in vivo physiological and pathological pulmonary conditions. Three-dimensional (3D) structural models, including organ-on-achip models, have experienced a developmental upsurge in recent times. Lung-on-a-chip models have the potential to simulate the specific features of the lungs. With the advancement of technology, an emerging and advanced technique termed microfluidic organ-on-a-chip has been developed with the aim of identifying the complexity of the respiratory cellular microenvironment of the body. In the present Review, the role of lung-on-a-chip modeling in reproducing pulmonary complications has been explored, with a specific emphasis on PM 2.5 -induced pulmonary complications.

Emerging Landscape of In Vitro Models for Assessing Rheumatoid Arthritis Management

“…Multiorgan-on-chip models or even body-on-a-chip models enable the study of multitissue or even systemic diseases. Numerous reports state that 3D cells/tissue culture methods designed for other organs are utilized in 3D cartilage and bone organ-on-chip. , For, instance, compared to 2D monolayers, Rosser’s research finding demonstrated the importance of 3D microfluidic culture, where chondrocytes displayed a higher differentiated cartilage phenotype and an osteoarthritis-like response to inflammation and therapies . Furthermore, Choudhary and co-workers demonstrated that 3D microfluidic ex vivo cultivation of primary osteocytes could aid in the retention of mature osteocytic phenotypes more effectively than those 2D monolayers, which is important for the advancement of osteoarthritis illness. , …”