An Insight View on Synthetic Protocol, Mechanistic and Biological Aspects of Biscoumarin Derivatives

Abstract

Biscoumarin has emerged as one of the most unique and valuable moiety in the field of synthetic as well as in medicinal chemistry. This moiety has been examined for the designing of potent derivatives and hybrids with other moieties and substituents exhibiting a myriad of medicinal properties. These far‐flung characteristics enthralled the researchers to discover various methods for the synthesis of biscoumarin nucleus and its derivatives from 4‐hydroxycoumarin and varieties of aldehydes using different types of catalysts to improve the selectivity, purity and yield of the products. Moreover, liberal scope is available for this structural unit which needs to be explored by chemists for the advancement of new potential drug candidates. This article summarizes the current eco‐benign pathways for the synthetic strategies of biscoumarins under various reaction conditions viz. solid supported catalyst, ionic liquid, nanoparticles, Lewis acid, heteropolyacids, nanocomposites etc.

Exploring the synthetic potential of a g-C3N4·SO3H ionic liquid catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 1,1-dihomoarylmethane scaffoldsviaKnoevenagel–Michael reaction

“…30 These derivatives have various biological activities, such as anticoagulant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer effects. [31][32][33][34] It is commonly used for the synthesis of warfarin, a widely used oral anticoagulant drug. 35 It has been shown to promote plant growth and increase resistance to various environmental stresses, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures.…”

Black yet green: A heterogenous carbon-based acid catalyst for the synthesis of biscyclic derivatives under eco-friendly conditions

“…Biscoumarin, a bridged dimer of 4-hydroxycoumarin, has been reviewed [6] and reported with its vast pharmaceutical activities such as anticancer [7][8][9][10], anticoagulant [11], antioxidant [12,13], urease inhibitory activity [14], Zika virus inhibitor [15], antiviral [16], inhibition of α-glucosidase [17], antimicrobial activity [18][19][20][21][22], antilipoxygenase activity [23], inhibition of snake venom [24], inhibition of HIV integrase [25] and proliferation inhibition of K-562 [26]. Despite its pharmacological applications, they are also employed in industrial applications as fluorescent and colorimetric sensors [27], ligands [28], semiconductors [29], photoluminescent [30] and designing of WLED [31].…”

Click chemistry‐inspired design, synthesis, and molecular docking studies of biscoumarin derivatives using carbon‐based acid catalyst

“…The literature studies showed their synthesis using different methods such as catalyst‐free microwave‐assisted organic synthesis, 28 [PSebim][OTf], 29 propane‐1,2,3‐triyl tris(hydrogen sulfate), 30 phospho sulfonic acid, 31 W‐doped ZnO nanocomposite, 32 choline hydroxide, 33 o ‐benzenedisulfonimide, 34 P4VPy‐CuO‐NPs, 35 sulfonated rice husk ash, 36 piperidine, 37 magnetite‐containing sulfonated polyacrylamide, 38 CuO‐CeO 2 nanocomposite, 39 Montmorillonite K10·Ni0‐Mont, 40 taurine, 41 VB1, 42 cerric ammonium nitrate, 43 HY‐Zeolite, 44 FeNi 3 ‐ILs nanoparticles, 45 and so on and high yields were obtained. A comprehensive review on the synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives has recently been published 46 and it was found that the reported methods have their own merits coupled with endure drawbacks, that is, costly, tedious work up procedures, formation of toxic by‐products, use of toxic solvents, and so on. In lieu of all these drawbacks, an highly efficient, simple, mild, cheap and demandable protocol has been developed for the synthesis of biscoumarin derivatives method using carbon sulfonic acid as a robust catalyst under ambient conditions (water:ethanol, 1:1 ratio) at 80°C (Scheme 1).…”