An Insightful Picture of Nonlinear Photonics in 2D Materials and their Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Abstract

The nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are playing a crucial role in almost all aspects of photonics including imaging frequency, manipulation, photon generation, transmission and detection. The nonlinear optics aims to investigate light response in NLO media, in which the NLO response is normally weak and low energy efficient. A comprehensive summary, discussion, and correlation of the light–matter interaction in the 2D nano‐platform, like graphene and TMDCs, would be inspirational and timely needed. In this contribution, a broad overview and discussion about recent experimental evolution regarding the NLO response and its corresponding applications in various 2D materials are presented. A wide material library including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, MXenes, semimetals, polymer materials, and hybrid structures (0D, 1D, 3D) are discussed. In this review, the qualitative description of NLO is firstly illustrated, followed by various fundamental NLO processes being highlighted. Fundamental limits of nonlinear optics and some of NLO applications are prospected. It is hoped that this comprehensive review will shed a light on the development of nonlinear optics with 2D materials to be applied in the field of photonics and optoelectronics.

Optical Metasurfaces for Energy Conversion

“…Another emerging class of nonlinear media are 2D materials, for instance single- or multilayer graphene, TMDs, MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , hexagonal boron nitride, and black phosphorus . These atomically thin structures can have large nonlinear coefficients, potentially being able to replace conventional NOMs in integrated photonic systems.…”

“…61 Another emerging class of nonlinear media are 2D materials, for instance single-or multilayer graphene, TMDs, MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , hexagonal boron nitride, and black phosphorus. 339 These atomically thin structures can have large nonlinear coefficients, potentially being able to replace conventional NOMs in integrated photonic systems. Recently, hybridizing metasurfaces with 2D materials have been demonstrated to exhibit advanced light−matter interactions and enhanced nonlinearities (see section 2.2.3).…”

Much of a Muchness: On the Origins of Two- and Three-Photon Absorption Activity of Dipolar Y-Shaped Chromophores

“…The need for maximizing the 2PA strengths has prompted studies on structure–property relationships. Early reports in this field revealed great potential of organic, organometallic, and dendrimeric molecules of dipolar, quadrupolar, and octupolar structures as 2PA materials for varios applications. , However, the focus has now shifted toward metal–organic frameworks, perovskites, and materials with reduced dimensionality (particularly 2D materials). − Although 3PA-based imaging promises to be a robust competitor to known 2PA techniques, 3PA processes are still much less explored than 2PA phenomena, on both the experimental and theoretical side. It stems from the challenges of experimental measurements of multiphoton effects, as the probability of simultaneous absorption of three and more photons is much smaller than that in the 2PA process.…”

Eucalyptus globulus Extract-Assisted Fabrication of Copper Oxide/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Applications

“…Industrial uprising is the need of the hour in order to meet all the essentials and comforts of life, such as food, medicines, textiles, and ceramics, etc. [1][2][3][4]. The textile industry is doing its best to uplift the economy of Asian countries, but at the same time, it is marked as a major producer of deadly pollutants in the form of organic dyes.…”

“…Nanoparticles have a feature size of less than 100 nm and are used in many nanostructure devices. They are considerably smaller than the everyday objects that are governed by Newton's law of motion, but they are larger than the atoms or molecules that are subject to quantum mechanics [1,12]. They have remarkable properties, such as a large surface-to-volume ratio, solvent affinity, interfacial layers, diffusion across surfaces, ferromagnetic and ferroelectric effects, melting point depression, coating abilities, mechanical properties, and quantum mechanics effects [13].…”