An institutional analysis of gender (in)equalities, COVID-19 and governance of elite women's football in Australia, England and the USA

Abstract

PurposeWomen's football faces an existential threat from COVID-19. Using case studies, the authors explore the COVID-19 responses of three highly ranked national football associations (Australia, England and the USA) and their professional women's football leagues to (a) compare and shed new insights into the wide range of phased responses and (b) establish recommendations for other nations to navigate major crises with their social and ethical responsibilities to women's football.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on institutional theory, a framework analysis was undertaken examining 71 articles to analyse the gendered global impacts of COVID-19 on women's football.FindingsResults highlight several important recommendations for nations to consider during the pandemic: (1) maintain active communication with the community to allay worries about the future of women's football, (2) gather support from health and government officials, (3) seek out commercial and broadcasting partnerships to drive revenue, and (4) the interests of women's football are best served when responsibility for the elite women's league does not rest (solely) with national football associations.Social implicationsThe authors argue that sport is an interwoven part of society and cannot be separated from gender equality issues irrespective of the pandemic.Originality/valueThe study is first to explore institutional pressures and football governing bodies during COVID-19 and provides a framework for nations to manage major crises.

Money troubles and problems ahead? The financial health of professional women's football clubs in England

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Examining racial discrimination in fantasy team selection: the case of Czech soccer fans

“…, 2020). From averse racism to subtle discrimination, scholars have utilised a number of methods and contexts to understand why what we say is not always what we do when it comes to our thoughts about race (Clarkson et al. , 2022).…”

“…While a vocal minority may explicitly display discriminatory actions based on race or any other factor, the majority of discrimination happens at the implicit, or unconscious, level of the human psyche (Clarkson et al. , 2022; McGarry, 2020).…”

“…Racism, however, still very much exists, but often at the implicit or unconscious level (Turick et al, 2020). From averse racism to subtle discrimination, scholars have utilised a number of methods and contexts to understand why what we say is not always what we do when it comes to our thoughts about race (Clarkson et al, 2022). Therefore, in the following lines the unconscious bias theory is introduced in more detail.…”

“…While a vocal minority may explicitly display discriminatory actions based on race or any other factor, the majority of discrimination happens at the implicit, or unconscious, level of the human psyche (Clarkson et al, 2022;McGarry, 2020). This form of discrimination is often defined as unconscious bias, or the social stereotypes about groups of people held by individuals outside their own conscious awareness (Dasgupta, 2004).…”