An integrated analysis of policies that increase investments in advanced energy-efficient/low-carbon technologies

Hanson, Deborah K.; Laitner, John A. “Skip”

doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2004.04.020

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The issue of cost and ability to pay is a complex issue, dependent on a large number of assumptions concerning social structure, public attitudes, political priorities, lifestyle, education and training, and technological development. Although there is a vast literature indicating that large emission reductions can be achieved over a period of a few decades at very little cost (e.g., Brown et al 1998;Nadel and Geller 2001;Azar and Schneider 2002;Hanson and Laitner 2004;Gerlagh and van der Zwaan 2004;Barker et al 2006), it may very well be that adopting the risk tolerance used in regulating potentially harmful chemicals or nuclear energy is too stringent when applied to the hazards of increasing GHG concentrations.…”

Section: Acceptable Probabilities Of Harm and Implications For The Almentioning

confidence: 98%

Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications

Harvey

2007

Climatic Change

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Article 2 of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) calls for stabilization of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations at levels that prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference (DAI) in the climate system. However, some of the recent policy literature has focused on dangerous climatic change (DCC) rather than on DAI. DAI is a set of increases in GHGs concentrations that has a non-negligible possibility of provoking changes in climate that in turn have a non-negligible possibility of causing unacceptable harm, including harm to one or more of ecosystems, food production systems, and sustainable socio-economic systems, whereas DCC is a change of climate that has actually occurred or is assumed to occur and that has a non-negligible possibility of causing unacceptable harm. If the goal of climate policy is to prevent DAI, then the determination of allowable GHG concentrations requires three inputs: the probability distribution function (pdf) for climate sensitivity, the pdf for the temperature change at which significant harm occurs, and the allowed probability ("risk") of incurring harm previously deemed to be unacceptable. If the goal of climate policy is to prevent DCC, then one must know what the correct climate sensitivity is (along with the harm pdf and risk tolerance) in order to determine allowable GHG concentrations. DAI from elevated atmospheric CO 2 also arises through its impact on ocean chemistry as the ocean absorbs CO 2 . The primary chemical impact is a reduction in the degree of supersaturation of ocean water with respect to calcium carbonate, the structural building material for coral and for calcareous phytoplankton at the base of the marine food chain. Here, the probability of significant harm (in particular, impacts violating the subsidiary conditions in Article 2 of the UNFCCC) is computed as a function of the ratio of total GHG radiative forcing to the radiative forcing for a CO 2 doubling, using two alternative pdfs for climate sensitivity and three alternative pdfs for the harm temperature threshold. The allowable radiative forcing ratio depends on the probability of significant harm that is tolerated, and can be translated into allowable CO 2 concentrations given some assumption concerning the future change in total non-CO 2 GHG radiative forcing. If future non-CO 2 GHG forcing is reduced to half of the present non-CO 2 GHG forcing, then the allowable CO 2 concentration is 290-430 ppmv for a 10% risk tolerance (depending on the chosen pdfs) and 300-500 ppmv for a 25% risk tolerance (assuming a pre-industrial CO 2 concentration of 280 ppmv). For future non-CO 2 GHG forcing frozen at the present value, and for a 10% risk threshold, the allowable CO 2 concentration is 257-384 ppmv. The implications of these results are that (1) emissions of GHGs need to be reduced as quickly as possible, not in order to comply with the UNFCCC, but in order to minimize the extent and duration of non-compliance; (2) we do not have the luxury of trading off reductions in emissions of non...

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Section: Acceptable Probabilities Of Harm and Implications For The Almentioning

confidence: 98%

Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications

Harvey

2007

Climatic Change

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“…The results for the capital variable could be explained by a close relationship to investment because several studies have demonstrated that energy efficiency investments 11 are the largest, fastest and cheapest ways to reduce energy costs and environmental impacts and increase productivity in the industrial sector (EIE 2004;Hanson et al 2004;Mahone et al 2009). …”

Section: Empirical Analysismentioning

confidence: 89%

Energy efficiency in the automotive industry evidence from Germany and Colombia

Martínez

2010

Environ Dev Sustain

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This paper presents an analysis of energy efficiency performance in the automotive industry from evidence of Germany and Colombia in order to show important features in energy use between countries with the different income between 1998 and 2007. We found that the automotive industry improved its energy efficiency in each country. In order to understand the driving forces behind these trends, the concept of the production function is used to obtain the elasticities of substitutions and the relationships between several variables and energy efficiency performance in German and Colombian motor vehicle industries. In both countries, we found that the variables of energy prices and sizes of companies each have a positive influence on the efficiency of the gross production/ energy ratio. These results show that, in the motor vehicle industry, energy efficiency performance depends on different factors. Hence, variables such as energy prices, energy taxes, economies of scale and technology changes have played a crucial role in the improvements in productivity and rational energy use.

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“…Hanson and Laitner (2004) summarised some of the ecological advantages of the investment in clean energies as less waste production; reduction in CO 2 emission, which results in less air pollution; and more efficient use of energy resources. These also result in reductions in the cost of energy production and energy consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean energy investment scenarios using the Bayesian network

Daim

Kayakutlu

Suharto

et al. 2012

International Journal of Sustainable Energy

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Clean energy investment decisions are getting more difficult to make due to public reactions. In order to support the policies in the field, analysis of the positive conditions is needed. This research aims to construct the positive scenarios for nuclear energy and renewable energy investments in the state of Oregon, USA. The Bayesian network technique will be used to create the scenarios. Oregon has a wide range of renewable energies; hence, investment is becoming more complex. Criteria affecting the decisions are taken from the literature, but were reviewed with energy authorities in Oregon in order to define the interactions.

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An integrated analysis of policies that increase investments in advanced energy-efficient/low-carbon technologies

Cited by 46 publications

References 7 publications

Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications

Dangerous anthropogenic interference, dangerous climatic change, and harmful climatic change: non-trivial distinctions with significant policy implications

Energy efficiency in the automotive industry evidence from Germany and Colombia

Clean energy investment scenarios using the Bayesian network

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