An integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with autonomous power flow control for nearly/net zero energy buildings

Yu, Hang; Niu, Shuangxia; Zhang, Yumeng; Jian, Linni

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114610

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Depending on the planning of DC microgrids structure, operation and control methodologies are developed [74], [75]. The net-zero energy building (NZEB) is a new concept to reduce carbon emission and fossil fuel consumption by integrating more renewable sources which can be implemented with the concept DC microgrids [76].…”

Section: Topology Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

338

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In recent years, due to the wide utilization of direct current (DC) power sources, such as solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cells, different DC loads, high-level integration of different energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, DC microgrids have been gaining more importance. Furthermore, unlike conventional AC systems, DC microgrids do not have issues such as synchronization, harmonics, reactive power control, and frequency control. However, the incorporation of different distributed generators, such as PV, wind, fuel cell, loads, and energy storage devices in the common DC bus complicates the control of DC bus voltage as well as the power-sharing. In order to ensure the secure and safe operation of DC microgrids, different control techniques, such as centralized, decentralized, distributed, multilevel, and hierarchical control, are presented. The optimal planning of DC microgrids has an impact on operation and control algorithms; thus, coordination among them is required. A detailed review of the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids is missing in the existing literature. Thus, this article documents developments in the planning, operation, and control of DC microgrids covered in research in the past 15 years. DC microgrid planning, operation, and control challenges and opportunities are discussed. Different planning, control, and operation methods are well documented with their advantages and disadvantages to provide an excellent foundation for industry personnel and researchers. Power-sharing and energy management operation, control, and planning issues are summarized for both grid-connected and islanded DC microgrids. Also, key research areas in DC microgrid planning, operation, and control are identified to adopt cuttingedge technologies. This review explicitly helps readers understand existing developments on DC microgrid planning, operation, and control as well as identify the need for additional research in order to further contribute to the topic. INDEX TERMS DC microgrids, renewable energy sources, batteries, supercapacitors, DC bus voltage, power management, state of charge, microgrid operation, and planning.

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Section: Topology Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Al–Ismail

2021

IEEE Access

338

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“…The RB was adapted from [15], where, using no data prediction, the batteries are charged when there is an energy surplus and discharged when there is an energy deficit. The simulation results are divided into two subsections.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4b, the plan Σ does not cross the ⃗ axis, which makes batteries model inaccurate for low powers. Therefore, the model polishing consists of forcing the plan Σ cross the ⃗ axis by using (15).…”

Section: : Updating the Values Of Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time Parameters Identification of Lithium-ion Batteries Model to Improve the Hierarchical Model Predictive Control of Building MicroGrids

Yamashita

Vechiu

Gaubert

2020

2020 22nd European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'20 ECCE Europe)

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Energy storage systems are key elements for enabling the design of MicroGrids in buildings, specially to deal with stochastic renewable energy resources and to promote peak shifting. However, inaccuracies in the batteries' mathematical models due to temperature and ageing effects can reduce the performance of a MicroGrid system. To tackle these uncertainties, this article presents a two-level hierarchical model predictive controller empowered with a data-driven algorithm for real-time model identification of Lithium-ion batteries. The objective is to enhance their state of charge estimation and to make their maximum use without damaging them. The results demonstrate that it improves up to three times the accuracy of state-of-charge estimation and increases about 3% the annual building MicroGrid selfconsumption rate. Furthermore, the division of the building MicroGrid energy management system into two hierarchical levels soften the drawbacks arise from the inaccuracies of day-ahead data prediction while reducing the computational cost. The proposed architecture guarantees higher energetic autonomy indexes than a conventional rule-based controller in all scenarios under study.

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“…It has been extensively researched in many applications of DC MGs, from single smart buildings up to district level, mostly due to its simplicity. For example, the authors of [39] study the power sharing capability of an extensive radial DC MG with high DER penetration, while the authors of [40] study the radial DC MG configuration as part of a hybrid AC/DC MG consisting of RES, i.e., PV panels and WGs, EVs, DC and AC equipment.…”

Section: Radialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energies 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 2 the authors of [40] study the radial DC MG configuration as part of a hybrid AC/DC MG consisting of RES, i.e., PV panels and WGs, EVs, DC and AC equipment.…”

Section: Ringmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

et al. 2021

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Direct current (DC) microgrids (MG) constitute a research field that has gained great attention over the past few years, challenging the well-established dominance of their alternating current (AC) counterparts in Low Voltage (LV) (up to 1.5 kV) as well as Medium Voltage (MV) applications (up to 50 kV). The main reasons behind this change are: (i) the ascending amalgamation of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), which predominantly supply DC power to the energy mix that meets electrical power demand and (ii) the ascending use of electronic loads and other DC-powered devices by the end-users. In this sense, DC distribution provides a more efficient interface between the majority of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and part of the total load of a MG. The early adopters of DC MGs include mostly buildings with high RES production, ships, data centers, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations and traction systems. However, the lack of expertise and the insufficient standards’ framework inhibit their wider spread. This review paper presents the state of the art of LV and MV DC MGs in terms of advantages/disadvantages over their AC counterparts, their interface with the AC main grid, topologies, control, applications, ancillary services and standardization issues. Overall, the aim of this review is to highlight the possibilities provided by DC MG architectures as well as the necessity for a solid/inclusive regulatory framework, which is their main weakness.

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An integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with autonomous power flow control for nearly/net zero energy buildings

Cited by 51 publications

References 42 publications

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

DC Microgrid Planning, Operation, and Control: A Comprehensive Review

Real-time Parameters Identification of Lithium-ion Batteries Model to Improve the Hierarchical Model Predictive Control of Building MicroGrids

State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids

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