An Integrated Distributed Economic Dispatch-Droop Control Architecture for Distribution System Operation

Online Cooperative Feedback Control of Residential Community Microgrids with 100% Renewable Energy

“…Similarly, reference [9] adopted the alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) approach to decompose the AC optimal power flow problem, and integrated each step of the adjustments into the primary control. Moreover, references [10]- [11] realized the real-time reception and execution of control signals by promptly changing frequency and power reference of the primary control.…”

“…It is clearly shown in references [8]- [11] that, compared with the hierarchical feedforward control, the hierarchical feedback control can better coordinate control actions of the three layers based on real-time information. That is, it could adjust outputs of DERs more rapid and accurately, enabling better stability and economic efficiency of the entire system.…”

“…Parameter is related to capital cost of a battery, and is usually set in the range of 1.9 to 2.1 [21]- [22]. With this, the lifetime of a battery can be calculated by the lifetime cycles divided by the annual cycles as in (11). Finally, the capital cost of the battery can be spread out over the lifetime with a given discount rate r, deriving the cost per discharge cycle.…”