An integrated energy-efficient capacitive sensor digital interface circuit

Omran, Hesham; Arsalan, Muhammad; Salama, Khaled N.

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2014.04.035

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Both conversion time and power consumption affect energy efficiency FoM, thus the offline calibration range of [3] is not considered, as it is done once during initialization phase and is not included in the reported conversion time and power consumption. Compared to recent designs using the same technology and supply voltage [2]- [6], [8]; the proposed design achieves excellent energy efficiency (FoM) of 7.9 pJ/Step. Moreover, power consumption of both analog and digital circuitry is considered for the proposed design, while the power consumption of the digital decimation filter or the time-to-digital converter required to obtain digital output code is not considered in [2]- [7], [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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7.9 pJ/Step Energy-Efficient Multi-Slope 13-bit Capacitance-to-Digital Converter

Omran

Arsalan

Salama

2014

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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In this brief, an energy-efficient capacitance-todigital converter (CDC) is presented. The proposed CDC uses digitally controlled coarse-fine multi-slope integration to digitize a wide range of capacitance in short conversion time. Both integration current and frequency are scaled, which leads to significant improvement in the energy efficiency of both analog and digital circuitry. Mathematical analysis for circuit nonidealities, noise, and improvement in energy efficiency is provided. A prototype fabricated in a 0.35-μm CMOS process occupies 0.09 mm 2 and consumes a total of 153 μA from 3.3 V supply while achieving 13-bit resolution. The operation of the prototype is experimentally verified using MEMS capacitive pressure sensor. Compared to recently published work, the prototype achieves an excellent energy efficiency of 7.9 pJ/Step. Index Terms-Capacitance-to-digital conversion (CDC), capacitive sensor interface circuit, energy efficiency, multi-slope.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, direct digitization of the sensor capacitance by incorporating the sensor capacitance in the ADC architecture offers less complexity, a smaller area, and lower power consumption [2]- [8]. Integrating ADCs are well known for their simple implementation and high resolution output, but they have slow conversion time [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

7.9 pJ/Step Energy-Efficient Multi-Slope 13-bit Capacitance-to-Digital Converter

Omran

Arsalan

Salama

2014

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II

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“…The details of the setup are discussed in [28,29]. The system consists of the following:

A gas line with a flow control valve coming from the H 2 S gas cylinder with controllable concentration.

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disposable, Paper-Based, Inkjet-Printed Humidity and H2S Gas Sensor for Passive Sensing Applications

Quddious

Yang

Khan

et al. 2016

Sensors

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An inkjet-printed, fully passive sensor capable of either humidity or gas sensing is presented herein. The sensor is composed of an interdigitated electrode, a customized printable gas sensitive ink and a specialized dipole antenna for wireless sensing. The interdigitated electrode printed on a paper substrate provides the base conductivity that varies during the sensing process. Aided by the porous nature of the substrate, a change in relative humidity from 18% to 88% decreases the electrode resistance from a few Mega-ohms to the kilo-ohm range. For gas sensing, an additional copper acetate-based customized ink is printed on top of the electrode, which, upon reaction with hydrogen sulphide gas (H2S) changes, both the optical and the electrical properties of the electrode. A fast response time of 3 min is achieved at room temperature for a H2S concentration of 10 ppm at a relative humidity (RH) of 45%. The passive wireless sensing is enabled through an antenna in which the inner loop takes care of conductivity changes in the 4–5 GHz band, whereas the outer-dipole arm is used for chipless identification in the 2–3 GHz band.

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“…In terms of readability, the capacitive sensors are simpler to read using either LCR meters or integrated circuits 34 . In the case of the RF resonator sensors, commercially available multifrequency analyzers, based on conventional transmission line measurements can be used, however their cost is usually higher than capacitive measurement systems.…”

Section: Comparison and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of capacitive and radio frequency resonator sensors for monitoring parallelized droplet microfluidic production

et al. 2016

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Scaled-up production of microfluidic droplets, through the parallelization of hundreds of droplet generators, has received a lot of attention to bring novel multiphase microfluidics research to industrial applications. However, apart from droplet generation, other significant challenges relevant to this goal have never been discussed. Examples include monitoring systems, high-throughput processing of droplets and quality control procedures among others. In this paper, we present and compare capacitive and radio frequency (RF) resonator sensors as two candidates that can measure the dielectric properties of emulsions in microfluidic channels. By placing several of these sensors in a parallelization device, the stability of the droplet generation at different locations can be compared, and potential malfunctions can be detected. This strategy enables for the first time the monitoring of scaled-up microfluidic droplet production. Both sensors were prototyped and characterized using emulsions with droplets of 100-150 μm in diameter, which were generated in parallelization devices at water-in-oil volume fractions (φ) between 11.1% and 33.3%.Using these sensors, we were able to measure accurately increments as small as 2.4% in the water volume fraction of the emulsions. Although both methods rely on the dielectric properties of the emulsions, the main advantage of the RF resonator sensors is the fact that they can be designed to resonate at multiple frequencies of the broadband transmission line. Consequently with careful design, two or more sensors can be parallelized and read out by a single signal. Finally, a comparison between these sensors based on their sensitivity, readout cost and simplicity, and design flexibility is also discussed.

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An integrated energy-efficient capacitive sensor digital interface circuit

Cited by 32 publications

References 21 publications

7.9 pJ/Step Energy-Efficient Multi-Slope 13-bit Capacitance-to-Digital Converter

7.9 pJ/Step Energy-Efficient Multi-Slope 13-bit Capacitance-to-Digital Converter

Disposable, Paper-Based, Inkjet-Printed Humidity and H2S Gas Sensor for Passive Sensing Applications

Comparison of capacitive and radio frequency resonator sensors for monitoring parallelized droplet microfluidic production

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