“…Inspired by the successful application of machine learning methods in the field of bioinformatics, many researchers used supervised machine learning methods to predict a miRNAdisease association (Chen et al, 2015a(Chen et al, ,b, 2017a(Chen et al, , 2018d(Chen et al, ,f, 2019aLuo et al, 2017a;Xuan et al, 2018Xuan et al, , 2019bWang C.-C. et al, 2019;Wang L. et al, 2019;Zhang L. et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2019), but which need negative samples for training. Because it is hard to obtain the experimentally verified less-known miRNA-disease associations and negative samples, some semi-supervised learning approaches (such as regularized least squares) with remarkable prediction results were proposed (Chen and Huang, 2017;Chen et al, 2017cPeng et al, 2017b;Xu et al, 2019).…”