An integrated highly synchronous, high resolution, real time eye tracking system for dynamic flight movement

Wee, Hong Jie; Lye, Sun Woh; Pinheiro, Jean-Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.aei.2019.100919

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The complexity is related with the closure angle and time of flight as indicated by aircraft speed (Hilburn, 2004), as well as by location and time to form a ‘flight shape profile’ of future trajectory (Wee et al, 2018). Another study by Wee et al (2019) attempted to measure the complexity of a dynamic airspace using the eye-tracking method and develop a framework for it by syncing the raw eye data and the raw radar data involving aircraft position and label data. Connecting this with the relational complexity of the situation, the difficulty level of air traffic conflict varies depending on its geometry as well as time of flight.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG-Based Analysis of Air Traffic Conflict: Investigating Controllers’ Situation Awareness, Stress Level and Brain Activity during Conflict Resolution

et al. 2019

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The effects of air traffic conflict geometry have been well investigated in prior studies, particularly in the context of the pilot, though little in the context of the air traffic control officer (ATCO). No study to date has investigated the effects of conflict geometry on human factors variables of ATCOs through objective and physiological approaches. This study examines the effects of conflict geometries on ATCO situation awareness, stress level and brain activity during conflict resolution. Fifteen participants were instructed to resolve six different conflict geometries: crossing level, crossing non-level, converging level, converging non-level, overtaking level, and overtaking non-level. The results indicate that converging and crossing conflicts led to lower situation awareness (SA), higher stress level, and higher theta activation at the temporal and parietal lobes. Level conflict led to lower SA. The findings offer two implications, providing insights for the formal guidelines in ATC conflict resolution training and provision of inputs for the conflict resolution aid development.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG-Based Analysis of Air Traffic Conflict: Investigating Controllers’ Situation Awareness, Stress Level and Brain Activity during Conflict Resolution

et al. 2019

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“…Researchers have come up with the "Dynamic Data Alignment Model" which matches timestamps of different data streams so as to align them to the same spatial reference frame before they are fused together as a data activity register frame. In this scenario, the timestamp of eye data and dynamic display data can be synchronized and aligned spatially and the knowledge obtained used to improve aviation outcomes (Wee et al, 2019). Reynal et al (2016) 16 pilots (8 Captains and 8 First Officers) Pertech Reynal et al (2017) 10 airline captains Pertech Dehais et al (2017) 12 participants (captains and first officers) Pertech Peysakhovich et al 2018-- Lounis et al (2019) 12 pilots Smart Assessment Wang and Sun 2013-FaceLAB Maxi and Stein (2013) 16 student pilots Dikablis Sibley et al (2015) 15 volunteers from the Naval Research Laboratory Tobii Li et al (2016) 35 participants (avionics engineers and pilots) ASL Peißl et al (2018) 79 papers from peer-reviewed journals - Guo et al (2018) 20 participants SVS Noelle et al (2018) 79 Navy and Marine Corps student pilots Gazepoint Table 1 summarizes some key features of the studies investigated in this review.…”

Section: Eye Tracking As An Assessment Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Eye Tracking in Assessing Visual Attention

Ayiei

2020

Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology

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In aviation, procedural errors persist despite pilots having the correct knowledge and ability to perform particular flight tasks. These errors can be attributed to diagnostic errors, inaccurate situational assessment and poor hazard awareness. Eye tracking has emerged as a technology that can be used to monitor pilot performance and provide insights into attentional distribution and the underlying decisional processes. The study used a systematic literature review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRIMA) Statement. Relevant publications were searched from 25 databases. To search the databases, the study used the keywords "eye tracking", "eye tracking measurements", "eye tracking aviation safety" and "eye tracking pilot flight performance", as well as "eye tracking and pilot training" and "eye tracking and pilot assessment". From these databases, 48 publications were retrieved for analysis. Out of the 48, 33 were abstracts and 15 were full-texts. The 15 full-texts proceeded to systematic literature analysis. These studies were further divided to studies reporting the use of eye tracking as a training tool (7) and studies reporting the use of eye tracking as an assessment tool (8). The literature review demonstrates that eye tracking is a valid and effective tool that can provide quantitative data for flight performance and safety assessment. Continued growth in aircraft cockpit automation means that eye tracking remains an urgent and promising development in aviation research, especially in real-time eye tracking to predict and prevent pilot errors and in the integration of eye tracking technology in intelligent cockpit design.

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“…The eye-tracker was positioned 55 cm from the participants' eyes and 18 cm from the radar screen. The eye movement data was captured from the eye tracker at the rate of 30 Hz [11]. Emotive EPOC is the 14-channel wireless EEG recording neuroheadset (sampling rate of 128 Hz).…”

Section: B Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allows the evolution of how well an ATCos is able to perceive and comprehend to be studied while causing minimal disruption to their tasks [10], as well as enabling physiological measurements, which are highly sensitive to such changes over the entire experimental duration, to be made. Measuring the subject's eye movements during task execution is deemed to be the most direct and objective form of physiological measurement of a subject visual monitoring behavior [11]. Eye-tracking devices can be employed to determine situational elements the subject has fixated upon and evaluate how the subject's attention is allocated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real Time Neurophysiological Framework for General Monitoring Awareness of Air Traffic Controllers

Yuvaraj

Lye

Wee³

2020

2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE)

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With the increasing traffic volume, air traffic controllers (ATCos) highly efficient performance plays an essential part in ensuring the safety and managing within limited manpower and resources. To ensure the performance, one way is to perform situation awareness (SA) examination. However, the known SA methods (such as text query) are either subjective or inapplicable in a practical scenario. Therefore, the use of physiological signals is becoming popular. In this work, a real time monitoring approach is proposed to assess a general monitoring awareness while looking at the events happening at the radar display during air traffic control (ATC), using neurophysiological measures taken from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals along with eye-tracking metrics such as eye fixation count and duration. Seven university engineering students participated in the attentive and non-attentive radar monitoring activities. The preliminary experimental results revealed that the real-time data of EEG, average fixation count, and fixation duration highlight distinct differences in levels between attentive and non-attentive monitoring activities (individual and collective). Also, the cognitive resource required for air traffic management (ATM) monitoring is relatively high. Such measures can be used as complementary data sets to gauge and validate an ATCos general SA.

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An integrated highly synchronous, high resolution, real time eye tracking system for dynamic flight movement

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

EEG-Based Analysis of Air Traffic Conflict: Investigating Controllers’ Situation Awareness, Stress Level and Brain Activity during Conflict Resolution

EEG-Based Analysis of Air Traffic Conflict: Investigating Controllers’ Situation Awareness, Stress Level and Brain Activity during Conflict Resolution

The Use of Eye Tracking in Assessing Visual Attention

A Real Time Neurophysiological Framework for General Monitoring Awareness of Air Traffic Controllers

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