An Integrated INS-GPS-Raspberry Pi System Using the Time-Sphere Model for Real-Time Identification of Struck-by-Equipment Hazard

Abstract

Struck-by-equipment hazard, i.e, contact collision between worker-on-foot and construction equipment or between equipment and equipment, is a major cause of injuries and fatalities in construction. A variety of smart technologies and systems have been developed and utilized to alleviate the risks of this type of hazard. However, most of the existing technologies and systems perform with a high rate of false alarms which have critically impeded their implementations on real construction sites. Therefore, a system performing more accurately and in real-time needs to be developed to enhance construction safety. In this context, a real-time system integrating with the 4D Time-Sphere model is developed to timely identify and alarm struck-byequipment hazards with reduced false alarms. This system is comprised of Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Raspberry Pi micro-processor and the developed Time-Sphere model. Corresponding actuation will be triggered if an unsafe situation is identified, i.e., struck-byequipment hazard(s) are or to be presented. A controlled field experiment was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of the integrated system and the effectiveness of the Time-Sphere model in reducing false alarms. The obtained results show that average 53% of the alarms generated by the prevalent method can be reduced by the TimeSphere model. All of the reduced alarms are false positives. The average false positive rate of the prevalent method is 29%. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the developed system is feasible and effective in identifying struck-by-equipment hazards in real time and potentially enhancing construction safety.

On-Body Placement of Wearable Safety Promotion Devices Based on Wireless Communication for Construction Workers-on-Foot: State-of-the-Art Review

“…The studies conveying information beyond a binary presence or absence of hazard are recognized with a star mark -, , and , for auditory, visual, and tactile communication, respectively. [111] 2005 [129] 2007 [117] 2010 [112] 2011 [131] 2011 [136] 2012 [137] 2012 [113] 2014 [135] 2014 [128] 2015 [126] 2015 [130] 2015 [125] 2016 [138] 2016 [134] 2016 [139] 2016 [116] 2017 [120] 2018 (19), followed by tactile feedback (15), and visual alerts (12). Hard hat, with eleven instances, was the most frequent on-body placement.…”

“…The primary on in Table 3. The research studies that convey absence of danger are also recognized with a to communicate about the proximity to the h the approaching equipment among other in made to convey rich wearable safety alerts a [111] 2005 [129] 2007 [117] 2010 [112] 2011 [131] 2011 [136] 2012 [137] 2012 [113] 2014 [135] 2014 [128] 2015 [126] 2015 [130] 2015 [125] 2016 [138] 2016 [134] 2016 [139] 2016 [116] 2017 [120] 2018 [124] 2018 [115] 2018 [121] 2019 [123] 2019 [127] 2020 [133] 2020 [118] 2020 [119] 2020 [132] 2020 [120] 2018…”

“…Fifteen such undertakin made to convey rich wearable safety alerts across six on-body placements. [111] 2005 [129] 2007 [117] 2010 [112] 2011 [131] 2011 [136] 2012 [137] 2012 [113] 2014 [135] 2014 [128] 2015 [126] 2015 [130] 2015 [125] 2016 [138] 2016 [134] 2016 [139] 2016 [116] 2017 [120] 2018 [124] 2018 [115] 2018 [121] 2019 [123] 2019 [127] 2020 [133] 2020 [118] 2020 [119] 2020 [132] 2020 The data transmission and data reception cannot happen at the same type of node unless a transceiver is employed. Otherwise, there is an exhaustive number of routes possible between consecutive node sets.…”

“…Hard Hat Safety V [111] 2005 [129] 2007 [117] 2010 [112] 2011 [131] 2011 [136] 2012 [137] 2012 [113] 2014 [135] 2014 [128] 2015 [126] 2015 [130] 2015 [125] 2016 [138] 2016 [134] 2016 [139] 2016 [116] 2017 [120] 2018 [124] 2018…”

“…eference Year Hard Hat Safety Vest Waist Belt Wrist Band Eye Glasses Thigh Pad Arm Band [111] 2005 [129] 2007 [117] 2010 [112] 2011 [131] 2011 [136] 2012 [137] 2012 [113] 2014 [135] 2014 [128] 2015 [126] 2015 [130] 2015 [125] 2016 [138] 2016 [134] 2016 [139] 2016 [116] 2017 [120] 2018 [124] 2018 [115] 2018 [121] 2019 [123] 2019 [127] 2020 [133] 2020 [118] 2020 [119] 2020 [132] 2020 [130] 2015…”