An integrated perspective of social exchange theory and transaction cost approach on the antecedents of trust in international joint ventures

The varying roles of governance mechanisms on ex-post transaction costs and relationship commitment in buyer-supplier relationships

“…Symmetric dependence corroborates the idiosyncratic relationship-specific investments by both partners (Khalid & Ali, 2017;Shen et al, 2017;Liu et al, 2017b) and enhance relationship commitment by creating interdependence between them. A high level of symmetrical interdependence is characterized by mutual investments indicating loyalty and cooperative longterm relationship (Caniëls & Gelderman, 2007).…”

“…The method that we employed to measure the level of symmetric dependence between partners was adapted from previous empirical studies (e.g., Ali & Larimo, 2016;Khalid & Ali, 2017).…”

“…Whereas symmetric dependence entails both relationship partners to invest idiosyncratically in physical and human assets that are less valuable to alternative uses (Kumar et al, 1995;Ali & Larimo, 2016;Khalid & Ali, 2017). These co-specialized investments create interdependence between partners, prior research, therefore argued that symmetric interdependence is a product of both partners' equal dependence on each other by investing jointly in a relationship (e.g., Kumar et al, 1995;Wu & Wu, 2015).…”

“…As sociological governance mechanism, trust is a significant factor for developing transaction cost performance, with the importance of a cooperative atmosphere having been emphasized in some empirical studies (e.g., Khalid & Ali, 2017;Liu et al, 2017b). The willingness to trust or confidence in a partner, with regard to the other partner's reliability, benevolence, and integrity, significantly influence ex-post transaction costs and relationship commitment.…”

“…Furthermore, multivariate normal data is not required in PLS-SEM modeling (Chin, 1998). Therefore, growing number of recent industrial marketing and management studies employed PLS-SEM because of its dynamic attributes (e.g., Kohtamäki et al, 2012;Khalid & Ali, 2017;Zaefarian et al, 2017;Najafi-Tavani et al, 2015;Mitrega et al, 2017).…”