An Integrated Sweat Sensor for Synchronous Detection of Multiple Atherosclerosis Biomarkers

Abstract

Atherosclerosis conditions are often assessed in the clinic by measuring blood viscosity, blood flow, and blood lesion levels. In alignment with precision medicine, it is essential to develop convenient and noninvasive approaches for atherosclerosis diagnostics. Herein, an integrated electrochemical sensor was successfully demonstrated for simultaneously detecting cholesterol, transferrin, and K+ in sweat, all biomarker indicators of atherosclerosis. The sensing substrate was based on carbon quantum dots integrated within multiwalled carbon nanotubes, creating a hybrid framework with low electron transfer resistance and highly efficient electron transfer rate, yielding a highly electrochemical active platform for ultrasensitive detection of trace sweat biomarkers. To ensure specificity to corresponding targets, the sensing mechanisms were based on molecular recognition reactions of cholesterol and β-cyclodextrin, transferrin and molecular cavities, and K+ and ion-selective permeation membrane. Moreover, the integrated nonenzymatic sensor exhibited excellent long-term stability. Furthermore, the practical utility of the sensor was successfully demonstrated by the simultaneous detection of three atherosclerosis biomarkers in sweat from volunteers who underwent predesigned daily activities. The sensor shows promise for convenient indexing of atherosclerosis conditions in a noninvasive way.

Portable Saliva Sensor Based on Dual Recognition Elements for Detection of Caries Pathogenic Bacteria

“…mutans sensor were evaluated from the calibration curve. The LOD was calculated based on 3σ/S (σ: the standard deviation of a blank sample; S: the sensitivity), and the slope of the line is defined as the sensitivity of the sensor. , The S. mutans sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 564.0 nA dec –1 and an LOD of 2.6 cfu mL –1 (Table S4).…”