An integrated thin-film thermo-optic waveguide beam deflector

Tang, Suning; Li, Bulang; Han, Xinghua; Taboada, J.; Jang, Chiou Hung; Kim, Jin Ha; Sun, Lin; Chen, Ray T.

doi:10.1063/1.126323

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many situations in nature involve systems of multiple dynamical elements that interact with each other through a common medium. Examples include pendulum clocks mounted on the same wooden beam [1], cellular populations communicating via small molecules that freely diffuse among the cells [2,3], and longitudinal modes of a laser connected through saturation of the common amplifying medium [4,5]. In most cases, the coupling surrounding leads to a synchronous behavior between all the coupled elements, but no general framework for such crowd synchrony has been developed yet.…”

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confidence: 99%

Crowd Synchrony and Quorum Sensing in Delay-Coupled Lasers

et al. 2010

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Crowd synchrony and quorum sensing arise when a large number of dynamical elements communicate with each other via a common information pool. Previous evidence in different fields, including chemistry, biology and civil engineering, has shown that this type of coupling leads to synchronization, when coupling is instantaneous and the number of coupled elements is large enough. Here we consider a situation in which the transmission of information between the system components and the coupling pool is not instantaneous. To that end, we model a system of semiconductor lasers optically coupled to a central laser with a delay. Our results show that, even though the lasers are non-identical due to their distinct optical frequencies, zero-lag synchronization arises. By changing a system parameter, we can switch between two different types of synchronization transition. The dependence of the transition with respect to the delay-coupling parameters is studied.

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confidence: 99%

Crowd Synchrony and Quorum Sensing in Delay-Coupled Lasers

et al. 2010

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“…Waveguide thermo-optic beam deflectors based on prism-array-shaped refractive index modulation have been reported to be feasible candidates to this application. 1,2 Although their electro-optic counterparts [3][4][5][6][7] have possibly much faster operating speed, they have certain drawbacks such as high driving voltage, decay of the electro-optic coefficient, polarization dependency, and complex fabrication process. On the other hand, low power operation and a large deflection angle can be easily achieved by thermo-optic beam deflection technique in polymeric waveguides due to the fact that polymers possess a high thermo-optic coefficient (ϳ10 Ϫ4 /°C) and low thermal conductivity ͑0.1 to 0.3 W/mK͒.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first utilized the difference of the thermo-optic coefficient between silica and polymer as the driving force of beam deflection. 1 However, combining two different material systems increased the complexity of the fabrication process and resulted in a scattering loss at the interfaces. The second adopted a prism-array-shaped heating electrode on top of a polymeric planar waveguide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer-based thermo-optic waveguide beam deflector with novel dual folded-thin-strip heating electrodes

Kim

2003

Opt. Eng

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A new design scheme for a polymeric waveguide thermooptic beam deflector is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The refractive indices of the waveguide materials can be thermally tuned by applying electric current through a metal thin film electrode deposited and patterned using standard lithography on top of the waveguide. In doing so, the geometry of the electrode determines the performance and reliability of the beam deflector. We form a pair of heating electrodes sitting opposite to each other like interlocked sawteeth that have a folded-thin-strip substructure, and hence demonstrate an advanced beam deflector that has biangular sweeping capability, low power consumption, less wavefront distortion, and high reliability. A full sweep angle of 56.5 mrad (3.24 deg) and 1ϫ8 switching capability at a 1550 nm wavelength are attained with an average power consumption of 247 mW per switching between adjacent resolvable spots. Switching from the zero-bias spot to the first resolvable spot exhibits a response time of 2 ms in both rising and falling.

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“…Solid-state devices for steering or high-speed modulation of light exploit acousto-optic beam deflection, non-linear optical crystals, or optically pumped carrier shifting in semiconductors [10][11][12]. Soft devices employ electro-optic or thermo-optic polymers, liquid crystals, and micro-structured composites [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Although they are generally slower than solid-state-based alternatives, soft-material devices are still potentially useful for certain applications, for example, to redirect optical signals between various network points, a process that requires only millisecond time scales.…”

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confidence: 99%

Switchable Bragg diffraction from liquid crystal in colloid-templated structures

Mach

Wiltzius²,

Megens³

et al. 2002

Europhys. Lett.

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PACS. 47.20.Dr -Surface-tension-driven instability. PACS. 61.30.Pq -Microconfined liquid crystals: droplets, cylinders, randomly confined liquid crystals, polymer dispersed liquid crystals, and porous systems. PACS. 82.70.Dd -Colloids.Abstract. -We have incorporated nematic liquid crystal into periodic, polymer host structures templated from self-assembled colloids. Using these composite materials, we demonstrate the first electrically switchable three-dimensional Bragg diffraction. The switchable beam deflection is potentially useful for non-mechanical beam steering and optical beam splitting devices. We compare the electro-optic response of our templated liquid-crystal/polymer composites with conventional polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs). Our data reveal a qualitatively different and faster response for liquid crystal distributed within a connected cavity network, as compared to isolated liquid-crystal droplets within a polymer matrix.c EDP Sciences

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An integrated thin-film thermo-optic waveguide beam deflector

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Cited by 11 publications

References 14 publications

Crowd Synchrony and Quorum Sensing in Delay-Coupled Lasers

Crowd Synchrony and Quorum Sensing in Delay-Coupled Lasers

Polymer-based thermo-optic waveguide beam deflector with novel dual folded-thin-strip heating electrodes

Switchable Bragg diffraction from liquid crystal in colloid-templated structures

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