An integrated water balance model for assessing water scarcity in a data-sparse interfluve in eastern India

Mitra, S.; Wright, J.L.; Santra, Abhisek; Ghosh, A.R.

doi:10.1080/02626667.2014.934248

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The hydrological modeling was applied for the seven watersheds of the study area, using the rainfall-runoff model of Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) [47]. SCS-CN hydrological model is well-known and widely used in many countries [49][50][51][52][53] and also in Greece [54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. The Curve Number (CN) is a dimensionless empirical parameter used for the estimation of runoff and infiltration from rainfall excess, and ranges from 30 to 100, with the highest values indicating higher runoff potential.…”

Section: Hydrological Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Flood Management and Mitigation Measures in Ungauged NATURA Protected Watersheds

2021

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The aim of this study is to investigate the flood management and mitigation measures in ungauged NATURA protected watersheds. The examined watersheds are located in one the most European significant NATURA areas (Prespa Natural Park North Greece). SCS-CN model was applied to perform the hydrological modeling for extreme rainfalls of 50, 100 and 1000 return periods. Extensive field research was conducted to record all the hydrotechnical works of the study area, to evaluate their current condition and measure the respective hydraulic characteristics. The results of the hydrological modeling showed that the flood danger in the study area is generally low. However, almost the half of the hydrotechnical works could not discharge the high and medium probability (50 and 100 years) peak flows. The main causes are the extremely dense riparian vegetation that has been developed on the banks and the thalweg of the riverbeds and in some cases the inappropriate dimensioning of the technical works. The intense development of the riparian vegetation, has increased the roughness coefficient and reduced the dimensions and discharge capability of the technical works, while NATURA restrictions and regulations may be limiting any logging and trimming activities within the streams, especially in priority habitat types. Special Ecological Evaluation studies and educating the public about the necessity of the flood control measures and impact, could provide a framework for a thorough discussion about the flood management in NATURA areas.

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Section: Hydrological Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Flood Management and Mitigation Measures in Ungauged NATURA Protected Watersheds

2021

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Section: Hydrological Simulation Of November 2019 Flash Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flash flood of November 2019 was reconstructed using the rainfallrunoff model of Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) (SCS 1972). SCS-CN is a well-known and widely applied hydrological model in many countries (Mitra, Wright, Abhisek, & Ghosh, 2015;Rezaei-Sadr,-2017;Steenhuis, Winchell, Rossing, Zollweg, & Walters, 1995;Van Dijk, 2010;Verma, Verma, Mishra, Singh, & Jayaraj, 2017), as well as in Greece (Kaffas & Hrissanthou, 2014;Kastridis & Stathis, 2012;Kastridis & Stathis, 2020;Myronidis et al, 2009;Nalbantis & Lymperopoulos, 2012;Papaioannou et al, 2018;Soulis, 2018;Soulis, Ntoulas, Nektarios, & Kargas, 2017;Soulis, Valiantzas, Dercas, & Londra, 2009;Stathis, Sapountzis, & Myronidis, 2010;Yannopoulos, Eleftheriadou, Mpouri, & Giannopoulou, 2015). The CN is a dimensionless empirical parameter that estimates runoff and infiltration from rainfall excess, and ranges from 30 to 100, with the highest numbers to indicate high runoff potential.…”

Section: Hydrological Simulation Of November 2019 Flash Floodmentioning

confidence: 99%

An integrated approach of flash flood analysis in ungauged Mediterranean watersheds using post‐flood surveys and unmanned aerial vehicles

Kastridis

Kirkenidis

Sapountzis

2020

Hydrological Processes

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This study analyzes the flash flood event of two ungauged ephemeral streams in Olympiada region (Chalkidiki, North Greece), which occurred at the 21-22 of November 2019. Aim of the study is to reconstruct the specific flash flood event, investigate the causes of flood generation mechanisms, evaluate the performance of SCS-CN hydrological and HEC-RAS hydraulic models, investigate the relation between extreme flash floods and human intervention, using the combination of ground and aerial observations obtained from the field survey and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), respectively. The results of the specific discharge ranged between 9 and 11 m 3 s −1 km 2 , values that are typical for flash flood events in Mediterranean region. The comparison between the observed and simulated values of flood extent showed sufficiently good performance of the hydraulic model (CSI = 82%). However, the statistical analysis of the observed and simulated flood depths displayed a flood depth overestimation by the applied model, despite that the values of the used statistic indexes are acceptable (RMSE = 0.35 m, SD = 0.53, NSE = 0.56, PBIAS = 11.26%). The model overestimation of flood depth was attributed to the DEM low resolution and quality. Ground and aerial observations depicted the alluvial fan activation, the alternation of flow paths and the huge sediment transport. Human intervention in main streams, urban sprawl, wet AMC and sediment transport were among the main factors that contributed to the flash flood generation. This integrated approach revealed the necessity of the constant evaluation and validation of hydrological and hydraulic models in small ungauged Mediterranean watersheds and ephemeral streams. The use of UAVs in combination with ground observations and hydraulic simulation could significantly contribute to the enhanced understanding of flash flood mechanisms, in the direction of flood risk mitigation, improvement of the planning efficiency of flood prevent measures, flood hazard estimation, evolution of flood warning systems and floodplain geomorphology analysis.

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“…The lag time was defined by calculating the difference between the time of the precipitation peak and the time of the observed peak discharge at the outlet point of the watershed. To estimate the hydrographs of the two rainfalls (October 2006 and February 2010) in the Vatonias watershed, the SCS-CN model was used, a well-known and widely applied model in many countries [29][30][31][32][33] and in Greece [22,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. The CN is a dimensionless empirical parameter for predicting runoff and infiltration from rainfall excess [39].…”

Section: Hydrological Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Hydrological and Hydraulic Models Applied in Typical Mediterranean Ungauged Watersheds Using Post-Flash-Flood Measurements

Kastridis

Stathis

2020

Hydrology

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In this paper, three different flash floods episodes were analyzed, which occurred in October 2006, February 2010, and June 2018 in the Chalkidiki peninsula (North Greece). The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model and a revised assessment of the CN parameter were applied to estimate the flood hydrographs, and Hydrologic Engineering Center's-River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) software was used for the flood simulations. Initially, hydrological and hydraulic models were calibrated at Vatonias watershed (240.90 km 2 , North Greece), where three rain gauges and one water level station are located. Vatonias is located very close to the Stavros ungauged watersheds and presents similar geomorphology and land use conditions. The effectiveness and accuracy of the methodology were validated using post-flash-flood measurements. The root mean square error goodness of fit was used to compare the observed and simulated flood depths. Critical success index was calculated for the assessment of the accuracy of observed and modeled flooded areas. The results showed that the dense forest vegetation was not capable of preventing the flash flood generation or reducing the peak discharge, especially in small watersheds characterized by short concentration times. The main cause of flash flood generation was the human interference that influenced the hydraulic characteristics of streams and floodplains. The revised assessment of the CN parameter enhanced the estimation and spatial distribution of CN over the entire watershed. The results revealed that the proposed methodology could be a very useful tool to researchers and policy makers for flood risk assessment of higher accuracy and effectiveness in ungauged Mediterranean watersheds.Hydrology 2020, 7, 12 2 of 24 settlements with the tolerance of the state have led to the gradual trespass of torrents, the reduction of streambed width, and in some cases to their complete disappearance. Under these circumstances, the hydraulic characteristics of streams and floodplains have been altered dramatically and have resulted in the intensification of the flood phenomena [10][11][12][13]. The protective role of forests from flash flood generation is questionable, and according to previous research studies is very limited, indicating that forests have negligible effects on the reduction of peak discharge during extreme rainfall events [10,12,14,15].Over the past years, considerable efforts have been made to estimate flood risk and simulate flood events, using hydrological and hydraulic models [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, these models require the existence of large time series and reliable stream flow and rainfall data, which in most Mediterranean areas are unfortunately not available, especially for medium and small watersheds. To overcome these practical difficulties, post-flash-flood measurements could be considered very useful for the evaluation of the hydrological and hydraulic models by reproducing the flood events and comparing the observed flooded area and flood depth with the si...

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An integrated water balance model for assessing water scarcity in a data-sparse interfluve in eastern India

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Investigation of Flood Management and Mitigation Measures in Ungauged NATURA Protected Watersheds

Investigation of Flood Management and Mitigation Measures in Ungauged NATURA Protected Watersheds

An integrated approach of flash flood analysis in ungauged Mediterranean watersheds using post‐flood surveys and unmanned aerial vehicles

Evaluation of Hydrological and Hydraulic Models Applied in Typical Mediterranean Ungauged Watersheds Using Post-Flash-Flood Measurements

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