The research presented in this PhD Thesis has been supported by different research projects. In particular, the PhD scholarship has been funded in part by the PRIN research project "Multicriteria Data Structures and Algorithms: from compressed to learned indexes, and beyond", grant n. 2017WR7SHH (MIUR). Moreover, participation to international conferences for the presentation of some of the obtained results has been possible also thanks to the funds by the GNCS research projects "Algorithms, methods and software tools for knowledge discovery in the context of Precision Medicine" (2020) and "Big knowledge graphs modelling and analysis for problem solving in the web and biological contexts" (2022, CUP E55F22000270001), provided by INDAM GNCS. All mentioned projects have also allowed to join very stimulating research meetings and events which have pushed toward interaction with other researchers working on related topics.