“…Because of their role in delivering identical or at least similar services to citizens and companies, public administrations often cooperate to leverage synergies and improve efficiency, with many administrations sharing the responsibility for service delivery and collectively providing services (Bel and Warner, 2015;Kwon and Feiock, 2010;Leroux and Carr, 2007;Wood, 2006). The concepts of shared service centers and shared service networks have emerged as a way to optimize the execution of the internal governmental processes involved in providing services (Niehaves and Krause, 2010;Paagman et al, 2015). Two kinds of integration from a technological perspective can be distinguished (Klischewski, 2004): Process integration, which refers to intergovernmental process networks, can be achieved by establishing shared service networks, and information integration, where data becomes a common resource (Bigdeil et al, 2013;Wenjing, 2011;Yang and Maxwell, 2011).…”