An integrative literature review on the SARS-CoV-2 virus from 2015 to 2022

Abstract

Coronaviruses of the order Nidovirales and families Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, Mesoniviridae, Roniviridae were first isolated in 1937 and described in 1965. In 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was responsible for the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) in Worldwide. Due to the great importance of SARS-CoV-2, this study integrated information about the virus, as a response: its origin, diagnosis and treatment, diagnosis and treatment. For this, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the Scielo, PubMed and Google Scholar databases regarding SARS-CoV-2, in order to describe its characteristics. SARS-CoV-2 does not yet have a well-clarified pathophysiology, it is known that it can cause an acute or chronic lung injury and that this condition resembles SARS-CoV, which results in aggressive inflammation initiated by viral replication. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 replicated similarly in alveolar epithelium, but SARS-CoV-2 replicates extensively in bronchial epithelium. Reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is widely used to identify viruses that cause respiratory secretions. Currently, with an ongoing viral pandemic, the importance of identifying the pathophysiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and its serious impact on global public health becomes increasingly evident, especially with regard to the remarkable overload of health services, both private and public.