“…Researchers used artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for their simplicity to generate optimal assembly sequences for various objective functions with a high convergence rate (Deepak et al , 2019; Su et al , 2021). AI methods like breakout local search (Ghandi and Masehian, 2015 a ), firefly algorithm (Zhang et al , 2016), advanced immune system (Bahubalendruni et al , 2016), machine learning (Cao et al , 2018), particle swarm optimization (Wang and Liu, 2010; Ab Rashid et al , 2019), ant colony optimization (Han et al , 2021), genetic algorithm (Wu et al , 2022; Lu et al , 2006), rule-based reasoning (Kroll et al , 1989; Lin et al , 2007), neural network (Chen et al , 2010), simulated annealing (Murali et al , 2017), and psychoclonal algorithm (Tiwari et al , 2005). Sometimes, combining different methods like the advanced immune system and GA (Gunji et al , 2017) and neuro-fuzzy by Zha (2001) also provides the optimal solutions faster.…”