“…Conversely, analytical methods based on absolute gas concentrations are better at discriminating between normal and failure condition. The amount of data collected by utilities motivated researchers to develop analytical methods using mathematical models and supervised learning techniques, namely: hybrid models combining different engineering methods,10 evolutionary methods,12 Markov models,13, 14 fuzzy models,15, 16 multilayered artificial neural networks,17, 18 support vector machine (SVM),19 twin support vector machine (TWSVM),20 wavelet networks,21 Bayesian networks,22 probabilistic classifiers,23, 24 nearest neighbor clustering,25 and association rules 26, 27. Some of the mathematical models and supervised learning techniques mentioned before rely on a small sample of failure data to be trained and tested, which can jeopardize their robustness and generalization capability.…”