An inter-comparison exercise on CFD model capabilities to predict a hydrogen explosion in a simulated vehicle refuelling environment

Makarov, Dmitriy; Verbecke, F.; Molkov, Vladimir; Roe, O.; Skotenne, M.; Kotchourko, A.; Lelyakin, A.; Yáñez, Jorge; Hansen, Olav R.; Middha, Prankul; Ledin, Stefan; Baraldi, Daniele; Heitsch, M.; Ефименко, А.А.; Gavrikov, A.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.12.067

Cited by 58 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Calculation of the deflagration-outflow interaction (DOI) number (which may be thought as the overall flame wrinkling factor) to be used in the turbulent Bradley number, is done following the ideas of work [19]. The DOI number, /µ, is a product of individual flame wrinkling factors each responsible for different phenomena contributing to the increase of the burning rate: are a legacy of CFD studies on modelling and large eddy simulations (LES) of hydrogen-air deflagrations carried out at Ulster during the last two decade and was successfully used to model deflagrations in a wide range of scales, environments and mixture compositions, see for example [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. The state-of-the-art in the calculation of these wrinkling factors is described below.…”

Section: Deflagration-outflow Interaction Number /µmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deflagrations of localised homogeneous and inhomogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in enclosures

Makarov

Hooker

Кузнецов

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Two original models for use as novel tools for the design of hydrogen-air deflagration mitigation systems for equipment and enclosures are presented. The first model describes deflagrations of localised hydrogen-air mixtures in a closed space such as a pressure vessel or a well-sealed building while the second model defines safety requirements for vented deflagrations of localised mixtures in an enclosure. Examples of localised mixtures include 'pockets' of gas within an enclosure as well as stratified gas distributions which are especially relevant to hydrogen releases. The thermodynamic model for closed spaces is validated against experiments available from the literature. This model is used to estimate the maximum hydrogen inventory in a closed space assuming the closed space can withstand a maximum overpressure of 10 kPa without damage (this is typical of many civil structures). The upper limit for hydrogen inventory in a confined space to prevent damage is found to be equivalent to 7.9% of the closed space being filled with 4% hydrogen. If the hydrogen inventory in a closed space is above this upper limit then the explosion has to be mitigated by the venting technique. For the first time an engineering correlation is presented that accounts for the phenomena affecting the overpressure from localised vented deflagrations, i.e. the turbulence generated by the flame front itself, the preferential diffusion in stretched flames, the fractal behaviour of the turbulent flame front surface, the initial flow turbulence in unburnt mixture, and the increase of the flame surface area due to the shape of an enclosure. Validation of the new vented deflagration model developed at Ulster has been carried out against 25 experiments with lean stratified hydrogen-air mixtures performed by the Health and Safety Executive (UK) and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany).

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Section: Deflagration-outflow Interaction Number /µmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deflagrations of localised homogeneous and inhomogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in enclosures

Makarov

Hooker

Кузнецов

et al. 2018

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…At “Cloud‐Scale” Fluent v6.3.26 CFD code is used for modelling dust explosion in larger geometry (Baraldi et al, 2009; Makarov et al, 2009; Venetsanos et al, 2009; García et al, 2010) have compared CFD code Fluent v6.3.26 with FLame ACceleration Simulator (FLACS v 8.1), COM3D‐3.4, REACFLOWv0.8.6 for large benchmark hydrogen explosion experiments. Gracia et al (2010) have reported excellent agreement for Fluent v6.3.26 with experimental data as compared to FLACS v8.1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CFD modelling of dust explosions: Rapid combustion in a 20 L apparatus

2010

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Dust explosions are combustion of fine dust particles in a rapid reaction regime. They are of relatively common occurrence in industries which have unit operations like grinding, pneumatic conveying, drying, and fine particle collection: generally those units which handle fine particles or "dust" in an oxygen-rich environment. At present, mitigation and prevention of dust explosion accidents is largely based on operator experience and safety inspection heuristics: knowledge that often cannot be documented or put into scientifically developed safety rules. Part reason for this state of affairs is our lack of fundamental understanding on how a dust explosion progresses after ignition of the dust cloud. In this contribution, with a view towards improving our understanding of dust explosions, we propose a multi-scale modelling approach for modelling dust explosion phenomena in a standard 20 L Siwek Apparatus. The modelling approach is based on computational fluid dynamics methods treating Aluminum dust cloud as a quasi-homogeneous phase.Les explosions de poussières sont la combustion de fines particules de poussière dans un régime de réaction rapide. Elles sont relativement communes au sein des industries qui présentent des activités de broyage, de manutention pneumatique, de séchage et de ramassage de particules fines : en général, ces activités manipulent ces particules fines (poussières) dans un milieu riche en oxygène.À l'heure actuelle, l'atténuation et la prévention des accidents dus aux explosions de poussières sont largement fondées sur l'expérience de l'opérateur et la connaissance heuristique de l'inspection de sécurité : une connaissance que, souvent, on ne peut pas consigner ou traduire en règles de sécurité créées scientifiquement. Une partie de la raison de cette situation est le manque de connaissances fondamentales sur la progression des explosions de poussières après l'inflammation du nuage de poussières. Dans cette contribution, pour améliorer notre compréhension des explosions de poussières, nous proposons une approche de modélisation multi-échelle pour modeler le phénomène des explosions de poussières dans un appareil Siwek de 20 L standard. L'approche de modélisation est fondée sur des méthodes de dynamique des fluides numérique (DFN) qui traitent un nuage de poussières d'aluminium comme phase quasi-homogène.

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“…Several blind-prediction or benchmark studies have been conducted for hydrogen in the past [e.g. [8][9][10][11]].…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blind-prediction: Estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations for homogeneous mixtures in 20-foot ISO containers

Skjold

Hisken

Lakshmipathy

et al. 2019

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This paper summarises the results from a blind-prediction study for models developed for estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations. The work is part of the project Improving hydrogen safety for energy applications through pre-normative research on vented deflagrations (HySEA). The scenarios selected for the blind-prediction entailed vented explosions with homogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in a 20-foot ISO container. The test program included two configurations and six experiments, i.e. three repeated tests for each scenario. The comparison between experimental results and model predictions reveals reasonable agreement for some of the models, and significant discrepancies for others. It is foreseen that the first blind-prediction study in the HySEA project will motivate developers to improve their models, and to update guidelines for users of the models.

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An inter-comparison exercise on CFD model capabilities to predict a hydrogen explosion in a simulated vehicle refuelling environment

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

Deflagrations of localised homogeneous and inhomogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in enclosures

Deflagrations of localised homogeneous and inhomogeneous hydrogen-air mixtures in enclosures

CFD modelling of dust explosions: Rapid combustion in a 20 L apparatus

Blind-prediction: Estimating the consequences of vented hydrogen deflagrations for homogeneous mixtures in 20-foot ISO containers

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