An intercomparison of sampling techniques for nicotine in indoor environments

Caka, Fern M.; Eatough, Delbert J.; Lewis, Edwin A.; Tang, Hongmao; Hammond, S. K.; Leaderer, Brian P.; Koutrakis, Petros; Spengler, John D.; Fasano, Adam

doi:10.1021/es00078a007

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…A small, lightweight (16 g) passive nicotine sampler was used to measure exposure to nicotine, which was used as a marker for SHS (Hammond and Leaderer, 1987;Caka et al, 1990;Leaderer and Hammond, 1991). The sampler consists of a modified 37 mm diameter polystyrene air-sampling cassette containing a support pad and a filter treated with sodium bisulfate that collects nicotine.…”

Section: Measurement Of Shsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Hammond¹,

Emmons

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This study was undertaken to measure the passive smoking exposure of prisoners at three correctional facilities in the US and to evaluate the effectiveness of a ban on smoking in reducing these exposures at two of these facilities. The average weekly concentration of nicotine was measured in fixed locations within the correctional facilities using passive samplers. Samples were collected before and after a smoking ban was instituted, and after the policy was modified to allow smoking outdoors. Samples were collected in the living areas, near where inmates slept and watched TV, and in selected central facilities, including dining halls, visiting rooms, booking areas, and learning centers. Average weekly concentrations of nicotine were measured in 84 locations while smoking was allowed; changes in these concentrations were measured with 112 weekly samples 4 and 9 months after the policy restricting smoking was implemented The average concentrations of nicotine were high while smoking was allowed: most living and sleeping areas averaged 3-11 mg/m 3 , but the gym that was used as a bunkroom averaged 25 mg/m 3 ; these values compare to an average of 2 mg/m 3 in the homes of smokers. The smoking ban significantly reduced nicotine concentrations in the living areas (Po0.01 at facility A and Po0.05 at facility B) to averages of 1.5-2.2 mg/m 3 ; all postban samples were less than 5 mg/m 3 . In conclusion, secondhand smoke concentrations in correctional facilities can be quite high; however, policies banning smoking are effective in reducing, but not eliminating, these exposures.

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Section: Measurement Of Shsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Hammond¹,

Emmons

2004

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…These dosimeters have been tested in an environmental chamber (Hammond & Leaderer, 1987) and in 96 homes (Leaderer & Hammond, 1991). This method has been validated in an intercomparison study (Caka et al, 1990) demonstrating accurate detection of nicotine.…”

Section: Shs Exposure Objective Measure Of Shsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children With Asthma Versus Healthy Children: Differences in Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Caregiver Perceived Risk

Borrelli

McQuaid

Wagener

et al. 2013

Nicotine &Amp; Tobacco Research

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“…al. 1987and Caka et al 1990 . When using the filter pack with only one particle collection filter, all three Teflon-coated metal screens and three O-rings must be in place to achieve the proper spacing and compression sealing of the top O-ring and filter when the two halves are joined.…”

Section: Filter Packmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of fine particles and semivolatile organics1

Williams

Watts

Stevens

et al. 1999

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The U.S. EPA has conducted an evaluation of a commercially available lightweight fine particle personal sampler for use in human exposure and Ž . biomarker studies involving 24-h collections of particulate matter, particle-bound organics such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs , and Ž . semivolatile organics PAHs . Independent laboratory evaluation of the prototype design, intended to produce a 2.5-mm aerodynamic diameter cut-point at Ž . Ž . a flow between 1.5 and 1.7 lpm liters per minute , indicated that at a challenge flow rate of 1.5 lpm, the sampler provided an aerodynamic cut-point dp 50 of only 1.7 mm. The variance between expected size selection resulted from the prototype's jet diameter dimension being inadvertently based upon a flow rate of 2.0 lpm rather than an intended 1.5-1.7 lpm. Other aerodynamic factors not presently accounted for may also have played an influence. Extrapolated cut-points for flow rates at 1 and 3 lpm for the prototype were determined to be 2.1 and 1.2 mm, respectively. Total losses attributed to unwanted particle retention within the sampler ranged from 10% for 0.91 mm size particles to essentially zero approaching diameters greater than 2.0 mm.Ž . The ambient concentration of particles -1.7 mm needed for acceptable gravimetric filter measurements involving 24-h sample collection was determined to be 10 mgrm 3 . Investigation of the sampler to retain and recover PAHs using XAD-2 resin, often of importance in human exposure biomarker studies, indicated that corrected recoveries between 94% and 108% could be obtained for 16 priority pollutant PAH species. Overall evaluation of the personal monitor indicates that it has research utility due to its modular features and size but reconfiguration should be performed that would permit true PM size 2.5 selection. The current configuration collects particles less than 2.5 mm at approximately 95% collection efficiency.

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An intercomparison of sampling techniques for nicotine in indoor environments

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Inmate exposure to secondhand smoke in correctional facilities and the impact of smoking restrictions

Children With Asthma Versus Healthy Children: Differences in Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Caregiver Perceived Risk

Evaluation of a personal air sampler for twenty-four hour collection of fine particles and semivolatile organics1

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