An interference phenomenon caused by <i>Pasteurella pestis</i>

Parry, W. R.

doi:10.1017/s002217240004448x

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The evidence relating to dose-severity relationships was also more consistently in favour than those concerning route-severity relationships. The exceptions were Yersinia pestis and RSV, where studies suggest that a larger pathogen dose may be protective due to prompting a stronger immune response, thus resulting in reduced disease severity [58, 59].…”

Section: Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the relationship between inoculant dose and severity we found two relevant studies. One found no relationship [58] and the other found a negative relationship [59].…”

Section: Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They did not comment on the mortality rate in the inoculated guinea pigs. Parry [59] found that rats inoculated with a larger dose had a lower mortality rate, and their deaths were delayed in fatal cases. They suggested that this was due to a large volume of inactive bacteria blocking active bacteria from potential sites of infection.…”

Section: More Severe Cases Have a Higher Pathogen Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence

Asplin,

Mancy,

Finnie

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Symptom propagation occurs when the symptom set an individual experiences is correlated with the symptom set of the individual who infected them. Symptom propagation may dramatically affect epidemiological outcomes, potentially causing clusters of severe disease. Conversely, it could result in chains of mild infection, generating widespread immunity with minimal cost to public health.Despite accumulating evidence that symptom propagation occurs for many respiratory pathogens, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here we conducted a scoping literature review for 14 respiratory pathogens to ascertain the extent of evidence for symptom propagation by two mechanisms: dose-severity relationships and route-severity relationships.We identify considerable heterogeneity between pathogens in the relative importance of the two mechanisms, highlighting the importance of pathogen-specific investigations. For almost all pathogens, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2, we found support for at least one of the two mechanisms. For some pathogens, including influenza, we found convincing evidence that both mechanisms contribute to symptom propagation.Furthermore, infectious disease models traditionally do not include symptom propagation. We summarise the present state of modelling advancements to address the methodological gap. We then investigate a simplified disease outbreak scenario, finding that under strong symptom propagation, quarantining mildly infected individuals can have negative epidemiological implications.

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Section: Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the relationship between inoculant dose and severity we found two relevant studies. One found no relationship [58] and the other found a negative relationship [59].…”

Section: Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: More Severe Cases Have a Higher Pathogen Loadmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence

Asplin,

Mancy,

Finnie

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The evidence relating to dose–severity relationships was also more consistently in favour than those concerning route–severity relationships. The exceptions were Yersinia pestis and RSV, where studies suggest that a larger pathogen dose may be protective due to prompting a stronger immune response, thus resulting in reduced disease severity [ 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the relationship between inoculant dose and severity, we found two relevant studies. One found no relationship [ 61 ] and the other found a negative relationship [ 62 ].…”

Section: Biological Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence

Asplin,

Mancy,

Finnie

et al. 2024

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Symptom propagation occurs when the symptom set an individual experiences is correlated with the symptom set of the individual who infected them. Symptom propagation may dramatically affect epidemiological outcomes, potentially causing clusters of severe disease. Conversely, it could result in chains of mild infection, generating widespread immunity with minimal cost to public health. Despite accumulating evidence that symptom propagation occurs for many respiratory pathogens, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we conducted a scoping literature review for 14 respiratory pathogens to ascertain the extent of evidence for symptom propagation by two mechanisms: dose–severity relationships and route–severity relationships. We identify considerable heterogeneity between pathogens in the relative importance of the two mechanisms, highlighting the importance of pathogen-specific investigations. For almost all pathogens, including influenza and SARS-CoV-2, we found support for at least one of the two mechanisms. For some pathogens, including influenza, we found convincing evidence that both mechanisms contribute to symptom propagation. Furthermore, infectious disease models traditionally do not include symptom propagation. We summarize the present state of modelling advancements to address the methodological gap. We then investigate a simplified disease outbreak scenario, finding that under strong symptom propagation, isolating mildly infected individuals can have negative epidemiological implications.

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The specificity of cellular immunity

Gray¹,

Poole²

1964

J. Hyg.

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1. Non-specific stimulation of mice by a detergent lacking in vitro antibacterial activity, Triton WR 1339, produces a steady state in the course of experimental tuberculosis at about the same level as specific immunization, and does so independently of delayed allergy.2. This effect is achieved in a much shorter time than is required by the normal immunological processes and the relative duration of enhanced resistance in each case is yet to be worked out.3. Triton fails to enhance an existing, specifically acquired immunity.4. There is no evidence so far that the mechanism involved is the same in both instances. If it were found to be the same, then the present concept of a specific cellular immunity would need to be revised.

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An interference phenomenon caused by Pasteurella pestis

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence

Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence

Symptom propagation in respiratory pathogens of public health concern: a review of the evidence

The specificity of cellular immunity

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