An International Study of Organizational Change: A Simultaneous Analysis of Process, Context, and Individual Attributes

Interaction between the Process Used to Introduce Change and the Personality of Organizational Members: An International Test

“…The US and Korean questionnaires utilized Watson, Clark, and Tellegen's original 5-point response scale (1 = very slightly or not at all to 5 = extremely) to capture the extent to which individuals perceived these feelings. By asking participants to indicate the extent to which they "generally feel this way, that is, how they feel on average" (Jung, 2003) …”

“…In an effort to maintain both validity and reliability with respect to the questionnaire when administrated to the Korean sample, Jung (2003) translated the Holt (2002) questionnaire from English into Korean.…”

“…The second Korean sample was taken from a male Army Artillery School and a male Infantry Company. According to Jung (2003), the second Korean sample data were collected with the same questionnaire as the first Korean sample, but rather than a group setting, the questionnaire was distributed and returned via mail.…”

“…According to Jung (2003), the survey tool consisted of a paper-and-pencil questionnaire that was given in a group setting during duty hours. Jung further states that the participants were given a face-to-face briefing as to the nature of the study.…”

“…This was accomplished by collecting data through two questionnaires from the same US sample at two different times. The Korean sample was gathered for a master's thesis conducted by Jung (2003). The purpose of Jung's research was to explore how change content, individual attributes, context, and change process factors impact organizational readiness for change.…”