An Interoperable Architecture for Air Pollution Early Warning System Based on Sensor Web

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Environmental monitoring systems deal with time-sensitive issues which require quick responses in emergency situations. Handling the sensor observations in near real-time and obtaining valuable information is challenging issues in these systems from a technical and scientific point of view. The ever-increasing population growth in urban areas has caused certain problems in developing countries, which has direct or indirect impact on human life. One of applicable solution for controlling and managing air quality by considering real time and update air quality information gathered by spatially distributed sensors in mega cities, using sensor web technology for developing monitoring and early warning systems. Urban air quality monitoring systems using functionalities of geospatial information system as a platform for analysing, processing, and visualization of data in combination with Sensor Web for supporting decision support systems in disaster management and emergency situations. This system uses Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), which offers a standard framework that allows the integration of sensors and sensor data into spatial data infrastructures. SWE framework introduces standards for services to access sensor data and discover events from sensor data streams as well as definition set of standards for the description of sensors and the encoding of measurements. The presented system provides capabilities to collect, transfer, share, process air quality sensor data and disseminate air quality status in real-time. It is possible to overcome interoperability challenges by using standard framework. In a routine scenario, air quality data measured by in-situ sensors are communicated to central station where data is analysed and processed. The extracted air quality status is processed for discovering emergency situations, and if necessary air quality reports are sent to the authorities. This research proposed an architecture to represent how integrate air quality sensor data stream into geospatial data infrastructure to present an interoperable air quality monitoring system for supporting disaster management systems by real time information. Developed system tested on Tehran air pollution sensors for calculating Air Quality Index (AQI) for CO pollutant and subsequently notifying registered users in emergency cases by sending warning E-mails. Air quality monitoring portal used to retrieving and visualize sensor observation through interoperable framework. This system provides capabilities to retrieve SOS observation using WPS in a cascaded service chaining pattern for monitoring trend of timely sensor observation.

WSN infrastructure for green campus development

“…The integration of monitoring system to geospatial data infrastructure can also be performed, for example by using the framework OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium). This integration includes the provision of access to the data from the sensor, transferring, processing and presenting the degree of air quality in realtime [17].…”

The Integration, Analysis and Visualization of Sensor Data from Dispersed Wireless Sensor Network Systems Using the SWE Framework

“…Lee and Reichardt [18] discuss how open standards for sensor interfaces and data formats can aid in speeding up the identification of threats to homeland security. Samadzadegan et al [19] developed a system architecture for monitoring air quality observations using SWE standards (i.e., SOS, SAS, SPS and WNS) for integrating/interoperating heterogeneous sensors and discovering air pollution to send a notification.…”