An interpretation of the morphology and evolution of the cone and shoot of Equisetum

Page, C. N.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1972.tb02279.x

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The function of the sheath is to structurally support this weaker stem tissue, just as leaf sheaths do in other plants with intercalary meristems at the nodes, such as grasses, sedges, and commelinid monocots (Fisher and French, 1976). In Equisetum , the relationship of the vegetative and fertile portions has been debated: the sporangiophore (the fertile portion) has been interpreted as being a novel organ “(organ sui generis)” or homologous to the leaves (Goebel, 1905; Bower, 1935; Zimmermann, 1952; Page, 1972). Complete serial transitions between the leaf sheaths and the sporangium-bearing structures have been found, suggesting that the latter are sporophylls (Page, 1972).…”

Section: Ferns With Unusual Leaf Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Equisetum , the relationship of the vegetative and fertile portions has been debated: the sporangiophore (the fertile portion) has been interpreted as being a novel organ “(organ sui generis)” or homologous to the leaves (Goebel, 1905; Bower, 1935; Zimmermann, 1952; Page, 1972). Complete serial transitions between the leaf sheaths and the sporangium-bearing structures have been found, suggesting that the latter are sporophylls (Page, 1972). …”

Section: Ferns With Unusual Leaf Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolution, morphology, and development of fern leaves

Vasco¹,

Moran²,

Ambrose³

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

120

102

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Leaves are lateral determinate structures formed in a predictable sequence (phyllotaxy) on the flanks of an indeterminate shoot apical meristem. The origin and evolution of leaves in vascular plants has been widely debated. Being the main conspicuous organ of nearly all vascular plants and often easy to recognize as such, it seems surprising that leaves have had multiple origins. For decades, morphologists, anatomists, paleobotanists, and systematists have contributed data to this debate. More recently, molecular genetic studies have provided insight into leaf evolution and development mainly within angiosperms and, to a lesser extent, lycophytes. There has been recent interest in extending leaf evolutionary developmental studies to other species and lineages, particularly in lycophytes and ferns. Therefore, a review of fern leaf morphology, evolution and development is timely. Here we discuss the theories of leaf evolution in ferns, morphology, and diversity of fern leaves, and experimental results of fern leaf development. We summarize what is known about the molecular genetics of fern leaf development and what future studies might tell us about the evolution of fern leaf development.

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Section: Ferns With Unusual Leaf Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ferns With Unusual Leaf Morphologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution, morphology, and development of fern leaves

Vasco¹,

Moran²,

Ambrose³

2013

Front. Plant Sci.

120

102

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Horsetail ( Equisteum spp.) is classified as one of the most ancient species of living vascular plants [3]. A remarkable characteristic of Equisetum species is their ability to take up and accumulate silica in their tissues giving the epidermis a rough texture [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a wide range of minerals from a thermally treated plant: Equisetum arvense, a Mare’s tale

et al. 2016

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Silica is the second most abundant biomineral being exceeded in nature only by biogenic CaCO3. Many land plants (such as rice, cereals, cucumber, etc.) deposit silica in significant amounts to reinforce their tissues and as a systematic response to pathogen attack. One of the most ancient species of living vascular plants, Equisetum arvense is also able to take up and accumulate silica in all parts of the plant. Numerous methods have been developed for elimination of the organic material and/or metal ions present in plant material to isolate biogenic silica. However, depending on the chemical and/or physical treatment applied to branch or stem from Equisetum arvense; other mineral forms such glass-type materials (i.e. CaSiO3), salts (i.e. KCl) or luminescent materials can also be isolated from the plant material. In the current contribution, we show the chemical and/or thermal routes that lead to the formation of a number of different mineral types in addition to biogenic silica.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00775-015-1320-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…6). This phenomenon is not unusual in E. telmateia; a great number of variations have been described by PAGE (1972) for the different habitats in Britain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Settling of Equisetum Telmateia Ehrh. Bymeans of Gametophyte Culture

Hoek

1977

Acta Botanica Neerlandica

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One can marvel at why Equisetum telmateia, our most decorative horsetail, is not met in parks or gardens. Perhaps it has been tried several times to settle it on a desired place by transplanting rhizomes. MEUSEL et al. (1971), however, write that it is practically impossible to do so, because the rhizomes will rot after transplanting instead of developing new shoots. All attempts made by this author had negative results. Another method, which proved successful, consists of culturing gametophytes and growing the developing sporophytes in flower pots for one year or more, after which they can be transplanted in the open air. This method is briefly described.Mature spores of E. telmateia were collected from a stand in Beek, East of Nijmegen, the Netherlands, in April 1973 and the end of March 1974. Several sowings were carried out on a modified mineral Knop-medium containing 1 per cent agar. This medium, described by LAROCHE (1968) and used by him for the culture of gametophytes of E. arvense, contains twice as much Ca(N0 3 h as Knop-medium and was used at one third of the usual concentration. No micro-elements were added; the water consisted of 50% demineralized water and 50% tap water. After sterilization the agar was poured into petri-dishes in relatively thick layers of 7 mm in order to prevent excessive loss of water potential.The germination results were very variable. Freshly harvested spores from April 1973 did not germinate at all; even after some time no germination was observed. However, when a sample of the same spores was stored at 4°C for 4 days, approximately two third of the spores germinated within 48 hours at room temperature. When spores cooled for 4 days at 4°C, were warmed for approximately one hour at room temperature and subsequently once more subjected to one night at 4°C the germination reached approximately 75% within24 hours.In 1974 several cool nights had preceded the date of collection of the spores and subsequent germination of the different sowings showed less variability. The dishes were placed in a temperature-controlled room at 24°C under continuous light, supplied by fluorescent tubes (Philips TL, M40Wj33 RS), with an intensity of 5500-flOOO lux at plant level. The gametophytes of E. telmateia developed relatively rapidly. After 3 to 4 weeks the young plantlets were transplanted from the agar with tweezers into petri-dishes containing a 7 mm layer

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An interpretation of the morphology and evolution of the cone and shoot of Equisetum

Cited by 32 publications

References 26 publications

The evolution, morphology, and development of fern leaves

The evolution, morphology, and development of fern leaves

Isolation of a wide range of minerals from a thermally treated plant: Equisetum arvense, a Mare’s tale

Settling of Equisetum Telmateia Ehrh. Bymeans of Gametophyte Culture

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