“…The problem is compounded by the fact that instances of lower than average water supply often coincide with higher than average need for irrigation. A wide range of mathematical programming techniques have been applied, individually and in combination, to support irrigation planning including multistage stochastic programming (28% of articles on irrigation in the sample including [34,54,173]), stochastic dynamic programming (25% of articles on irrigation in the sample including [12,22,158]), inexact programming, including fuzzy and interval-based programming, (36% of articles on irrigation in the sample, for example [35,105,152]) and nonlinear programming (14% of articles on irrigation in the sample including [10,25]). The problem has been studied at various levels ranging from the farm level [22,83,92] to the level of a large water system or country [107,144,221].…”