An introduction to ground penetrating radar (GPR) in sediments

Bristow, Charlie S.; Jol, Harry M.

doi:10.1144/gsl.sp.2001.211.01.01

Cited by 160 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…On one side, the depth penetration is controlled by the centre frequency and the conductivity of the material. In low-loss materials, the approximate maximum penetration depth for frequencies of 200-250 MHz is approximately 8-20 m, whereas, when using 100 MHz antenna, it is about 25 m [20,21]. On the other side, resolution depends on the frequency of the antenna.…”

Section: Gpr Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Integrated Geophysical Techniques to Delineate the Extraction of Mining Bench of Ornamental Rocks (Marble)

et al. 2017

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Low yields in ornamental rock mining remain one of the most important problems in this industry. This fact is usually associated with the presence of anisotropies in the rock, which makes it difficult to extract the blocks. An optimised planning of the exploitation, together with an improved geological understanding of the deposit, could increase these yields. In this work, marble mining in Macael (Spain) was studied to test the capacity of non-destructive geophysical prospecting methods (GPR and ERI) as tools to characterize the geology of the deposit. It is well-known that the ERI method provides a greater penetration depth. By using this technique, it is possible to distinguish the boundaries between the marble and the underlying micaschists, the morphology of the unit to be exploited, and even fracture zones to be identified. Therefore, this technique could be used in the early stages of research, to estimate the reserves of the deposit. The GPR methodology, with a lower penetration depth, is able to offer more detailed information. Specifically, it detects lateral and vertical changes of the facies inside the marble unit, as well as the anisotropies of the rock (fractures or holes). This technique would be suitable for use in a second stage of research. On the one hand, it is very useful for characterization of the texture and fabric of the rock, which allows us to determine in advance its properties, and therefore, the quality for ornamental use. On the other hand, the localization of anisotropy using the GPR technique will make it possible to improve the planning of the rock exploitation in order to increase yields. Both integrated geophysical techniques are effective for assessing the quality of ornamental rock and thus can serve as useful tools in mine planning to improve yields and costs.

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Section: Gpr Data Acquisition and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Integrated Geophysical Techniques to Delineate the Extraction of Mining Bench of Ornamental Rocks (Marble)

et al. 2017

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“…Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is now widely used and understood, and has been well described elsewhere (e.g., Davis and Annan, 1989;Bristow and Jol, 2003;Milsom and Eriksen, 2011). Briefly, a transmitting antenna sends a high frequency radar pulse into the ground, and a receiving antenna records amplitude (voltage) vs. two-way travel time (in nanoseconds, ns) for the direct waves through the air and the upper ground surface, and for the radar ''echoes'' that are returned from subsurface boundaries and discontinuities.…”

Section: Ground Penetrating Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geophysical Imaging of Subsurface Earthquake-induced Liquefaction Features at Christchurch Boys High School, Christchurch, New Zealand

Nobes

Bastin

Charlton³

et al. 2013

JEEG

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On February 22, 2011, a magnitude M w 6.2 earthquake affected the Canterbury region, New Zealand, resulting in many fatalities. Liquefaction occurred across many areas, visible on the surface as ''sand volcanoes'', blisters and subsidence, causing significant damage to buildings, land and infrastructure.Liquefaction occurred at a number of sites across the Christchurch Boys High School sports grounds; one area in particular contained a piston ground failure and an adjacent silt volcano. Here, as part of a class project, we apply near-surface geophysics to image these two liquefaction features and determine whether they share a subsurface connection. Hand auger results enable correlation of the geophysical responses with the subsurface stratigraphy.The survey results suggest that there is a subsurface link, likely via a paleo-stream channel. The anomalous responses of the horizontal loop electromagnetic survey and electrical resistivity imaging highlight the disruption of the subsurface electrical properties beneath and between the two liquefaction features. The vertical magnetic gradient may also show a subtle anomalous response in this area, however the results are inconclusive. The ground penetrating radar survey shows disruption of the subsurface stratigraphy beneath the liquefaction features, in particular sediment mounding beneath the silt ejection (''silt volcano'') and stratigraphic disruption beneath the piston failure.The results indicate how near-surface geophysics allow the characteristics of liquefaction in the subsurface to be better understood, which could aid remediation work following liquefaction-induced land damage and guide interpretation of geophysical surveys of paleoliquefaction features.

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“…Rial et al, 2009) or through appropriate migration during data processing (Barton and Montagu, 2004) GPR and stratigraphic investigations GPR has great application to the delineation of geological or anthropogenic features in the subsurface (as summarised by Bristow and Jol (2003a)). GPR can be used for a range of applications including sedimentological investigations, (summarised in edited volumes by Baker andJol, 2007, Bristow andJol, 2003b), detection of kimberlite pipes (Power et al, 2004), fault detection (Dentith et al, 2010), landfill studies (Splajt et al, 2003), concrete testing (Grandjean et al, 2000) and a variety of other targets of economic importance (Francke, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping anthropogenic fill with GPR for unmarked grave detection: a case study from a possible location of Mokare’s grave, Albany, Western Australia

Bladon

Moffat

Guilfoyle

et al. 2011

Exploration Geophysics

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Abstract. Geophysical techniques are a commonly used, non-invasive method for the location of unmarked graves. Contrary to popular perception, most studies rely not on directly imaging skeletal material but instead on locating the subsurface disturbance created by grave digging. This approach is effective only when sufficient contrast exists between detectable properties (such as structure, mineralogy or porosity) of the grave fill and the surrounding sediment. Resolving these features can be particularly problematic in disturbed areas where other anthropogenic fill is in place, as it is often complex in character and lacks a natural stratigraphy.In many cultural heritage projects, it is often more important to ensure that burials are not disturbed rather than to specifically locate them. Under these circumstances, ground penetrating radar (GPR) can be used to locate modern anthropogenic fill. This may show which areas of the site are younger than the targeted graves and therefore of no archaeological interest. This approach is trialled on a site thought to contain the grave of Mokare, a significant historical figure in the colonial settlement of the Albany area in Western Australia. The delineation of a package of modern fill in the shallow subsurface in the context of the probable history of earthworks on the site demonstrates that Mokare is not buried in the surveyed location. This approach, applied to suitable sites, could contribute to culturally sensitive non-invasive investigation of burial sites in other locations.

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An introduction to ground penetrating radar (GPR) in sediments

Cited by 160 publications

References 63 publications

Utilization of Integrated Geophysical Techniques to Delineate the Extraction of Mining Bench of Ornamental Rocks (Marble)

Utilization of Integrated Geophysical Techniques to Delineate the Extraction of Mining Bench of Ornamental Rocks (Marble)

Geophysical Imaging of Subsurface Earthquake-induced Liquefaction Features at Christchurch Boys High School, Christchurch, New Zealand

Mapping anthropogenic fill with GPR for unmarked grave detection: a case study from a possible location of Mokare’s grave, Albany, Western Australia

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